Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge
Abstract
Recent years have seen substantial improvements in life expectancy and access to antimicrobials, especially in low-income and lower-middle-income countries, but increasing pathogen resistance to antimicrobials threatens to roll back this progress. Resistant organisms in health-care and community settings pose a threat to survival rates from serious infections, including neonatal sepsis and health-care-associated infections, and limit the potential health benefits from surgeries, transplants, and cancer treatment. The challenge of simultaneously expanding appropriate access to antimicrobials, while restricting inappropriate access, particularly to expensive, newer generation antimicrobials, is unique in global health and requires new approaches to financing and delivering health care and a one-health perspective on the connections between pathogen transmission in animals and humans. Here, we describe the importance of effective antimicrobials. We assess the disease burden caused by limited access to antimicrobials, attributable to resistance to antimicrobials, and the potential effect of vaccines in restricting the need for antibiotics.
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Worldwide human consumption of antibiotics increased by 36% between 2000 and 2010.
“Literature shows that worldwide human consumption of antibiotics increased by 36% between 2000 and 2010.10”
From Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in 2019 (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Among BRICS countries, 23% of the retail sales volume was attributable to India, where regulations to control over-the-counter sales of antibiotics are poorly enforced.
“Among these countries, 23% of the retail sales volume was attributable to India, where regulations to control over-the-counter sales of antibiotics are poorly enforced.”
From Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in 2019 (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
BRICS accounted for three-quarters of the increase in worldwide human consumption of antibiotics between 2000 and 2010 despite collectively representing only 40% of the world's population.
“Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) accounted for three-quarters of the increase despite collectively representing only 40% of the world's population.”
From Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in 2019 (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Laxminarayan, R., Matsoso, P., Pant, S., Brower, C., Røttingen, J.-A., Klugman, K., & Davies, S.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Department of Health (ZA)
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (US)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Gates Foundation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Laxminarayan, Ramanan
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 387
- Issue
- 10014
- Pages
- 168-175
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2180752973
- Cited by
- 1,465
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 133 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 156 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 178 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 6.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Keywords
- antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, low-income countries, nosocomial infections, neonatal sepsis, One Health, disease burden, vaccines, health care financing, global health
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Husbandry, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Developing Countries, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Meat, Pneumonia, Global Health, Sepsis, Developed Countries, Pneumococcal Vaccines
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