Preparation of porous scaffolds by using freeze-extraction and freeze-gelation methods
Abstract
Freeze-fixation and freeze-gelation methods are presented in this paper which can be used to prepare highly porous scaffolds without using the time and energy consuming freeze-drying process. The porous structure was generated during the freeze of a polymer solution, following which either the solvent was extracted by a non-solvent or the polymer was gelled under the freezing condition; thus, the porous structure would not be destructed during the subsequent drying stage. Compared with the freeze-drying method, the presented methods are time and energy-saving, with less residual solvent, and easier to be scaled up. Besides, the problem of formation of surface skin can be resolved and the limitation of using solvent with low boiling point can be lifted by the presented methods. With the freeze-extraction and freeze-gelation methods, porous PLLA, PLGA, chitosan and alginate scaffolds were successfully fabricated. In addition to the presentation of the morphologies of the fabricated scaffolds, preliminary data of cell culture on them are as well included in the present work.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Langer, R., & Vacanti, J. P. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8493529 · Cited by 9,893 · see citing works
Mooney, D. J., Baldwin, D. F., Suh, N. P., Vacanti, J. P., & Langer, R. (1996) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/0142-9612(96)87284-x · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
Neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo using cells cultured on synthetic biodegradable polymers
Freed, L. E., Marquis, J. C., Nohria, A., Emmanual, J. E., Mikos, A. G., & Langer, R. (1993) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820270104 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Vacanti, J. P., Paige, K. T., Upton, J. M., & Vacanti, C. A. (1997) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199708000-00001 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
A novel method to fabricate bioabsorbable scaffolds
Whang, K., Thomas, C. H., Healy, K. E., & Nuber, G. (1995) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(95)93115-3 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Parathyroid Hormone-Responsive Clonal Cell Lines from Rat Osteosarcoma*
Majeska, R. J., Rodan, S. B., & Rodan, G. A. (1980) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-107-5-1494 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Prevascularization of porous biodegradable polymers
Mikos, A. G., Sarakinos, G., Lyman, M. D., Ingber, D. E., Vacanti, J. P., & Langer, R. (1993) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.260420606 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Ma, J., Wang, H., He, B., & Chen, J. (2001) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00188-5 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Schugens, C., Maquet, V., Grandfils, C., et al. (1996) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(96)87287-9 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Biodegradable sponges for hepatocyte transplantation
Mooney, D. J., Park, S., Kaufmann, P. M., Sano, K., McNamara, K., Vacanti, J. P., & Langer, R. (1995) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820290807 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Shinzato, S., Kobayashi, M., Mousa, W. F., Kamimura, M., Neo, M., Kitamura, Y., Kokubo, T., & Nakamura, T. (2000) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(200008)51:2 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Gauthier, O., Bouler, J., Weiss, P., Bosco, J., Daculsi, G., & Aguado, E. (1999) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199910)47:1 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Chen, G., Ushida, T., & Tateishi, T. (2001) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00447-6 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Filmon, R., Grizon, F., Baslé, M. F., & Chappard, D. (2002) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00069-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Thiede, M. A., Yoon, K., Golub, I. E., Noda, M., & Rodan, G. A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.2.319 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Rucci, N., Migliaccio, S., ZANI, B. M., Taranta, A., & Teti, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.10120 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Mechanisms of cell activation by heavy metal ions
Wagner, M., Klein, C. L., van Kooten, T. G., & Kirkpatrick, C. J. (1998) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19981205)42:3 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Transplantation of hepatocytes using porous, biodegradable sponges.
Mooney, D. J., Kaufmann, P. M., Sano, K., et al. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Park, Y. J., Nam, K. H., Ha, S. J., et al. (1997) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(96)01494-0 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Preparation of a macroporous biodegradable polylactide implant for neuronal transplantation
Schugens, C., Grandfils, C., Jérôme, R., Teyssié, P., Delrée, P., Martin, D., Malgrange, B., & Moonen, G. (1995) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820291106 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dieudonn�, S. C., Kerr, J. M., Xu, T., Sommer, B., Derubeis, A. R., Kuznetsov, S. A., Kim, I.-S., Robey, P. G., & Young, M. F. (2000) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(20000201)76:2 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Composite biomaterials based on ceramic polymers. I. Reinforced systems based on Al2O3/PMMA/PLLA
Rodríguez-Lorenzo, L. M., Salinas, A. J., Vallet‐Regí, M., & Rom�n, J. S. (1996) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199604)30:4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Formation of calcifying matrix by osteosarcoma cells in diffusion chambersin vivo
Shteyer, A., Gazit, D., Passi-Even, L., et al. (1986) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/bf02555740 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Biological Effects of Cementum and Bone Extracts on Human Periodontal Fibroblasts
Hou, L.-T., Liu, C. ‐., Lei, J., Wong, M., & Chen, J. K. (2000) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.7.1100 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPhenotypic maturation of osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells in culture.
Ga, R., & Majeska, R. J. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Poly(lactic acid) fiber: An overview
Gupta, B., Revagade, N., & Hilborn, J. (2007) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.005 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
3D biofabrication strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Bajaj, P., Schweller, R. M., Khademhosseini, A., West, J. L., & Bashir, R. (2014) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-105155 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Medical applications of membranes: Drug delivery, artificial organs and tissue engineering
Stamatialis, D. F., Papenburg, B. J., Gironés, M., Saiful, S., Bettahalli, S. N. M., Schmitmeier, S., & Wessling, M. (2008) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2007.09.059 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Fiber-based tissue engineering: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Tamayol, A., Akbari, M., Annabi, N., Paul, A., Khademhosseini, A., & Juncker, D. (2013) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.007 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Freeze casting of porous materials: review of critical factors in microstructure evolution
Li, W. L., Lu, K., & Walz, J. Y. (2012) · International Materials Reviews · doi:10.1179/1743280411y.0000000011 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Scaffolds based bone tissue engineering: the role of chitosan
Costa-Pinto, A. R., Reis, R. L., & Neves, N. M. (2011) · Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0704 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Akbarzadeh, R., & Yousefi, A. (2014) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33101 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
A review on mechanical considerations for chronically-implanted neural probes
Lecomte, A., Descamps, E., & Bergaud, C. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aa8b4f · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Felfel, R. M., Poocza, L., Gimeno-Fabra, M., Milde, T., Hildebrand, G., Ahmed, I., Scotchford, C., Sottile, V., Grant, D. M., & Liefeith, K. (2016) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015011 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Petrenko, Y. A., Ivanov, R. V., Petrenko, A. Y., & Lozinsky, V. I. (2011) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-011-4323-6 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sionkowska, A., & Kaczmarek, B. (2017) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.196 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
G, R., S, B., Venkatesan, B., & Vellaichamy, E. (2017) · Materials Science and Engineering: C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.133 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ho, M.-H., Kuo, P.-Y., Hsieh, H.-J., Hsien, T.-Y., Hou, L.-T., Lai, J.-Y., & Wang, D.-M.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Environmental Protection Administration (TW)
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-138
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057723544
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council
- National Taiwan University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- porous scaffolds, freeze extraction, freeze-gelation, freeze-drying alternative, polymer gelation, poly(L-lactic acid), PLGA, chitosan, alginate, scaffold fabrication
- MeSH terms
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Alginates, Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Cell Adhesion, Cell Division, Cell Line, Chitin, Crystallization, Freezing, Gels, Hexuronic Acids, Osteoblasts, Polyesters, Polyglycolic Acid, Polymers, Surface Properties, Porosity, Cell Culture Techniques, Lactic Acid, Glucuronic Acid, Tissue Engineering, Chitosan, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review