Central inhibition of sexual response in the male: A theoretical perspective
Abstract
A theoretical model for central inhibition of sexual response is proposed, postulating individual variability in the propensity for such inhibition. Whereas such inhibition is typically adaptive, individuals with high propensity may be vulnerable to sexual dysfunction, and those with low propensity to high risk sexual behavior. Evidence of the existence and localization of such inhibitory mechanisms from both the animal and human literature is reviewed. Evidence of central neurotransmitters with sexual inhibitory effects is substantial, though in most cases the inhibition is not specific to sexual response or behavior. Recent studies have identified centers in the brain stem and lateral hypothalamus which appear to have specific inhibitory effects on sexual response. A variety of adaptive mechanisms involving inhibition of sexual response are considered, some involving perception of threat, others occurring more directly as consequences of previous sexual activity. These different adaptive functions may well involve different inhibitory mechanisms. This theoretical model opens a new agenda for experimental research into adaptive sexual behavior, both human and animal.
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The dual control model of sexual behaviour postulates parallel function and interaction of sexual excitatory and inhibitory systems in the brain.
“We have built on Gray's model with our dual control model of sexual behaviour, which postulates parallel function and interaction of sexual excitatory and inhibitory systems in the brain (Bancroft 1999, Bancroft & Janssen 2000).”
From The endocrinology of sexual arousal (2005) · cites this paper as Bancroft 1999
The animal literature is notable for its relative lack of studies on inhibitory mechanisms.
“The animal literature is notable for its relative lack of studies on inhibitory mechanisms (Bancroft 1999).”
From The endocrinology of sexual arousal (2005) · cites this paper as Bancroft 1999
According to the Dual Control Model, individuals vary in their propensity for excitation and inhibition, which may lead to problems with sexual function and behavior.
“According to the Dual Control Model, individuals vary in their propensity for excitation and inhibition, which may lead to problems with sexual function and behavior.38,39”
From A Psychosocial Approach to Erectile Dysfunction: Position Statements from the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM) (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
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Dunn, M. E., & Trost, J. E. (1989) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541970 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bancroft, J. (1995) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(94)00060-e · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Experimental Inhibition and Restoration of Mating Behavior in Male Rats
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Recent Developments in the Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis of Erectile Dysfunction
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Deviant Sexual Behaviour: Modification and Assessment
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Serotonergic drug treatment of deviant sexual interests
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Evaluating the effects of an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist on erectile function in the human male
Munoz, M., Bancroft, J., & Beard, M. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245570 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Instrumental and consummatory measures of sexual capacity in the male rat.
Schwartz, M. (1956) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0088003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bancroft, J., & Bell, C. (1985) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(85)90057-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effects of Housing Conditions and 5-HT2A Activation on Male Rat Sexual Behavior
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Specific effects of β-endorphin infused into the amygdala on sexual behaviour in the male rat
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Inhibitory Centers in Sexual Behavior in the Male Rat
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Alterations in Autonomic Functions During Sleep
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Sexuality, Stress, and the Chemical Architecture of the Brain
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Evaluating the effects of an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist on erectile function in the human male
Munoz, M., Bancroft, J., & Turner, M. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245569 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Neurological Disorders
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Pharmacological Treatment of Deviant Sexual Behaviour
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Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Neurological Disorders
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Spinal transection accelerates the developmental expression of penile reflexes in male rats
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Sexually-transmitted diseases in animals.
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Of Rats and Men: The Comparative Approach to Male Sexuality
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Pacing of copulatory behavior in the male rat: Effects of receptive females and intermittent shocks.
Sachs, B. D., Macaione, R., & Fegy, L. (1974) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036876 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-GONADAL FUNCTION IN PRIMARY ENDOGENOUSLY DEPRESSED MEN: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Rubín, R. T., Poland, R. E., Tower, B. B., HART, P. A., Blodgett, A. L. N., & FORSTER, B. (1981) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-026864-4.50035-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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1. A Study of Sex Behavior in the White Rat by Means of the Obstruction Method
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GABAergic inhibitory response of locus coeruleus neurons to caloric vestibular stimulation in rats
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Rostral midbrain lesions and copulatory behavior in male rats
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Pharmacological targets for the control of male and female sexual behaviour
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Störungen der Potentia coeundi
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Impact of Environment, Stress, Occupational, and Other Hazards on Sexuality and Sexual Behavior
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Physiology and Pathology of Penile Erection
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 164 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V
Kafka, M. P. (2010) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
“While the dual control model was formulated to examine sexual ''arousal'' and sexual response, sexual arousal is a component of sexual desire (Bancroft, 2009) and increased sexual excitation, as measured by the SES, is associated with both increased sexual arousal and appetitive behavior in men and women (Bancroft et…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPsychological and Interpersonal Dimensions of Sexual Function and Dysfunction
McCabe, M. P., Althof, S. E., Assalian, P., Chevret‐Méasson, M., Leiblum, S. R., Simonelli, C., & Wylie, K. R. (2010) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01618.x · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Mecklinger, A., Bosch, V., Gruenewald, C., Bentin, S., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2000) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200011)11:3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Disorders of Orgasm and Ejaculation in Men
Rowland, D. L., McMahon, C. G., Abdo, C. H. N., Chen, J., Jannini, E. A., Waldinger, M. D., & Ahn, T. Y. (2010) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01782.x · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Sexual addiction, sexual compulsivity, sexual impulsivity, or what? Toward a theoretical model
Bancroft, J., & Vukadinovic, Z. (2004) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490409552230 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
“The neurobiology and psychopharmacology of sexual inhibition is complex, with an array of mediators and neuromodulators involved (Bancroft, 1999). However, serotonin does appear to play a crucial role. Kafka (1997) has proposed that a dysregulation of central monoamine function underlies out of control sexual behavior…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe dual control model: current status and future directions
Bancroft, J., Graham, C. A., Janssen, E., & Sanders, S. A. (2009) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490902747222 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
“Two convenience samples of gay (N1⁄4 1,196) and heterosexual (N1⁄4 1,558) men, recruited mainly from the Internet, were compared for their SIS=SES scores (Bancroft, Carnes, Janssen, & Long, 2005). The two groups were similar in age (gay, mean age1⁄4 34.8; straight, mean age1⁄4 34.5) and differed mainly as to the propo…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPsychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction
Brotto, L., Atallah, S., Johnson-Agbakwu, C., Rosenbaum, T., Abdo, C., Byers, E. S., Graham, C., Nobre, P., & Wylie, K. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.019 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Bancroft, J., & Janssen, E. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00024-5 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
“The peripheral inhibitory pathways clearly involve serotonin and norepinephrine, and quite possibly other mechanisms in addition (see Ref. [ 4 ] for review).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe endocrinology of sexual arousal
Bancroft, J. (2005) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.1.06233 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
“We have built on Gray’s model with our dual control model of sexual behaviour, which postulates parallel function and interaction of sexual excitatory and inhibitory systems in the brain (Bancroft 1999, Bancroft & Janssen 2000).”
BackgroundMethodHull, E. M., & Rodrı́guez–Manzo, G. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00001-2 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Stoléru, S., Fonteille, V., Cornélis, C., Joyal, C. C., & Moulier, V. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.006 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
“The above development shows that any model of the neural correlates of SA should include a component consisting in the control of the motor expression of SA (Bancroft, 1999).”
Turning on and turning off: a focus group study of the factors that affect women’s sexual arousal
Graham, C. A., Sanders, S. A., Milhausen, R. R., & McBride, K. R. (2004) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:aseb.0000044737.62561.fd · Cited by 354 · see citing works
“For some, however, the propensity for SI may be unduly high, resulting in an impairment of the capacity for sexual function and, for others, the propensity for SI may be low, increasing the likelihood of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior (Bancroft, 1999).”
BackgroundAn integrative theoretical framework for understanding sexual motivation, arousal, and behavior
Toates, F. (2009) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490902747768 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“…links) Aversion-related (Iaversive) (1) External stimuli (e.g., associated with fear or disgust); general behavioral inhibition system (Bancroft, 1999; Gray & McNaughton, 2000); (2) intrinsically triggered, cognitively based aversion (e.g., guilt) or anticipated performance…”
BackgroundInfluentialJanssen, E., Vorst, H., Finn, P., & Bancroft, J. (2002) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490209552130 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“Whereas there is substantial evidence of the existence of inhibitory mechanisms within the CNS which could form the basis of our inhibitory system (Bancroft 1999), the evidence does not permit the description and anatomic localization of our putative inhibitory system in the way that the sexual excitatory system has b…”
BackgroundThe Relation Between Mood and Sexuality in Heterosexual Men
Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Strong, D., Carnes, L., Vukadinovic, Z., & Long, J. S. (2003) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1023409516739 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“In investigating individual variability in the relation between mood and sexuality, we were also interested in the extent to which we could explain such variability on the basis of our " Dual Control " model of sexual response (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDisorders of Orgasm and Ejaculation in Men
McMahon, C. G., Abdo, C. H. N., Incrocci, L., Perelman, M. A., Rowland, D. L., Waldinger, M. D., & Xin, Z. C. (2004) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2004.10109.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment of Hypersexuality
Kaplan, M. S., & Krueger, R. B. (2010) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224491003592863 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
“Bancroft, J. (2008). Sexual behavior that is ‘‘out of control’’: A theoretical conceptual approach. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31, 593–601. Bancroft, J. (2009). Human sexuality and its problems (3rd ed.). New York: Elsevier. Bancroft, J., Carnes, L., & Janssen, E. (2005). Unprotected anal intercourse in HIV…”
BackgroundInfluentialSexual Risk-Taking in Gay Men: The Relevance of Sexual Arousability, Mood, and Sensation Seeking
Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Strong, D., Carnes, L., Vukadinovic, Z., & Long, J. S. (2003) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1026041628364 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“The neurophysiological and pharmacological evidence supporting such a dual control system in males has been reviewed ( Bancroft, 1999 ) and a questionnaire method for measuring individual differences in propensity for both inhibition and excitation has been developed and shown to have good psychometric properties (Jan…”
MethodAsexuality: classification and characterization
Prause, N., & Graham, C. A. (2007) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9142-3 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“Second, the results support the idea that excitation and inhibition can be conceptualized as relatively independent factors affecting sexual arousal (Bancroft, 1999).”
PSYCHOGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Rosen, R. C. (2001) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70137-3 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Hypersexuality: A Critical Review and Introduction to the “Sexhavior Cycle”
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J. M., Bhullar, N., & Lykins, A. D. (2017) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-017-0991-8 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“Sexual inhibition processes are thought to involve multiple pathways, for example neuropeptidergic and serotonergic processes, and centers in the brain stem and lateral hypothalamus (Bancroft, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialOrgasm-induced prolactin secretion: feedback control of sexual drive?
ger, T. K. ⁄. (2002) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00036-7 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation
Rahman, Q., & Wilson, G. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00140-x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Carnes, L., Goodrich, D., Strong, D., & Long, J. S. (2004) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490409552226 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Our theoretical dual control model postulates individual variability in the propensity for sexual excitation as well as inhibition of sexual response in the face of a threat or risk (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundThe Relation Between Mood and Sexuality in Gay Men
Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Strong, D., & Vukadinovic, Z. (2003) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1023461500810 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“According to our " dual control " model (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000), in which sexual response depends on a balance of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms in the brain, we postulated that most men, with normal levels of excitation and inhibition proneness, would be unlikely to become…”
BackgroundMethod(2007) · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The relationship between negative mood and sexuality in heterosexual college women and men
Lykins, A. D., Janssen, E., & Graham, C. A. (2006) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490609552308 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“In these two studies, Bancroft and colleagues explored to what degree the “dual control model” of sexual response (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000) could help explain variability in the relation between mood and sexuality.”
BackgroundErectile and Ejaculatory Problems in Gay and Heterosexual Men
Bancroft, J., Carnes, L., Janssen, E., Goodrich, D., & Long, J. S. (2005) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-3117-7 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“Our recently developed “dual control” model of sexual responsiveness postulates that individuals vary in their propensity for both sexual excitation and inhibition of sexual response ( Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundJanssen, E., Vorst, H. C. M., Finn, P., & Bancroft, J. (2002) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490209552131 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“The underlying theoretical model postulates that sexual response and associated behavior depend on dual control mechanisms, involving excitatory and inhibitory neurophysiological systems (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundThe Medicalization of Female Sexual Dysfunction: The Need for Caution
Bancroft, J. (2002) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1019800426980 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“This model postulates that there are mechanisms in the brain for both sexual excitation and for inhibition of sexual response, and that individuals vary in their propensity for both excitation and inhibition ( Bancroft, 1999 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCarpenter, D., Janssen, E., Graham, C. A., Vorst, H. C. M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2008) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490701808076 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“Levels of inhibitory tone that are either too low or too high, however may contribute to problems ranging from high-risk sexual behavior to sexual dysfunctions (Bancroft, 1999; Janssen et al., 2002a, 2002b).”
BackgroundFactors that Influence Sexual Arousal in Men: A Focus Group Study
Janssen, E., McBride, K. R., Yarber, W. L., Hill, B. J., & Butler, S. M. (2007) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9245-5 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“was the dual control model of sexual response ( Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000), which postulates that separate and relatively independent excitatory and inhibitory sexual systems exist within the central nervous system, and that it is the balance between these two systems that determines whether a sexual re…”
MethodBrain processing of visual sexual stimuli in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder*1
Stoléru, S. (2003) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(03)00068-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“These three types of proposed inhibitory processes are consistent with the dual model of the control of sexual behavior proposed by Bancroft (1999). Regarding the cognitive component of the model, only controls showed an activation in the lower and rostral part of the inferior parietal lobules.”
ResultThe Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women: Psychometric Properties
Graham, C. A., Sanders, S. A., & Milhausen, R. R. (2006) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9041-7 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“The model has been described more fully elsewhere (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSachs, B. D. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00022-1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Conceptualization and Assessment of Hypersexual Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Montgomery-Graham, S. (2017) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.11.001 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Sexual Desire Inventory: Two or Three Dimensions?
Moyano, N., Vallejo‐Medina, P., & Sierra, J. C. (2016) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1109581 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“This functional aspect of partner desire is in line with the dual control model (Bancroft, Graham, Janssen, & Sanders, 2009), which postulates individuals with a high propensity for SI are more likely to develop sexual dysfunction, such as low sexual desire (Bancroft, 1999; Prause, Janssen, & Hetrick, 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPerelman, M. A., & Rowland, D. L. (2006) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-006-0127-6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hartmann, U. H., Heiser, K., Rüffer-Hesse, C., & Kloth, G. (2002) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-002-0280-5 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“The dual-control model of sexual excitation and inhibition by Bancroft and Janssen [2, 3] is one the most promising concepts, especially in terms of treatment aspects.”
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5270 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rettenberger, M., Klein, V., & Briken, P. (2016) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0399-7 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“TheDCMpostulates that thedegreeof sexualarousaldependson the individual responsiveness of two distinct neurophysiological systems:sexualexcitationandsexual inhibition(Bancroft,1999).”
BackgroundDewitte, M., Bettocchi, C., Carvalho, J., Corona, G., Flink, I., Limoncin, E., Pascoal, P., Reisman, Y., & Van Lankveld, J. (2021) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100434 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“38,39 Particularly a higher propensity for sexual inhibition due to threat of sexual performance failure, rather than lower levels of excitation, would constitute a risk factor for the development and maintenance of ED.”
BackgroundBrom, M., Both, S., Laan, E. T. M., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., & Spinhoven, P. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.014 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Coitus-induced orgasm stimulates prolactin secretion in healthy subjects
Exton, M. S., Krüger, T. H. C., Koch, M., Paulson, E., Knapp, W. H., Hartmann, U. H., & Schedlowski, M. (2001) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00053-6 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Sexual behavior that is "out of control": A theoretical conceptual approach
Bancroft, J. (2008) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.06.009 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Thus our use of the Dual Control Model has been based on conceptual systems in the brain, defined in terms of function rather than specific neurotransmitter mediation or anatomic localization.(25)”
MethodSexual impulsivity in hypersexual men
Reid, R. C., Berlin, H. A., & Kingston, D. A. (2015) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-015-0034-5 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Biological factors in human sexuality
Bancroft, J. (2002) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490209552114 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the model postulates that individuals vary in their propensity for both excitation and inhibition (Bancroft, 1999).”
BackgroundThe Motivation Behind Serial Sexual Homicide: Is It Sex, Power, and Control, or Anger?*
Myers, W. C., Husted, D. S., Safarik, M. E., & O’Toole, M. E. (2006) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00168.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“It has been proposed that tonic norepinephrine action on the a-1 adrenoreceptor is vital to the constricted sinusoidal smooth muscle tone of the flaccid penis (43).”
BackgroundInfluentialPredicting Sexual Problems in Women: The Relevance of Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition
Sanders, S. A., Graham, C. A., & Milhausen, R. R. (2007) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9235-7 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J. M., & Lykins, A. D. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0606-1 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Vaccarino, A. L., & Kastin, A. J. (2000) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00345-4 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Validation of the Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women and Men
Milhausen, R. R., Graham, C. A., Sanders, S. A., Yarber, W. L., & Maitland, S. B. (2009) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9554-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“In recent years, however, others have conceptualized arousal as the outcome of physiological, psychological, and behavioral processes (Janssen, Everaerd, Spiering, & Janssen, 2000) and developed models to describe the processes that lead to sexual arousal in men and women (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000; Gra…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLevin, R. J. (2009) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01350.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A contextual definition of male sexual arousal
Sachs, B. D. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.03.011 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Poels, S., Bloemers, J., van Rooij, K., Goldstein, I., Gerritsen, J., van Ham, D., van Mameren, F., Chivers, M. L., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Koppeschaar, H. P. F., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02983.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Birnbaum, G. E. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868317715350 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“…responses involve an interaction between sexual excitatory and sexual inhibitory processes” (Bancroft, Graham, Janssen, & Sanders, 2009, p. 121; also see Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000), with excitatory processes increasing, and inhibitory processes decreasing, sexual desire and behavior.”
BackgroundPassie, T., Hartmann, U., Schneider, U., Emrich, H. M., & Krüger, T. H. C. (2005) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.11.044 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Specifically, neurons of the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and hypothalamic dopaminergic systems express a high density of prolactin receptors [29] [30] [31], and are known to play pivotal roles in the regulation of sexual arousal and behaviour [32] [33].”
BackgroundIs Hypersexuality Dimensional? Evidence for the DSM-5 from General Population and Clinical Samples
Walters, G. D., Knight, R. A., & Långström, N. (2011) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9719-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Various names have been applied to this construct, including sexual desire dysregulation ( Bancroft, 1999 ), sexual addiction (Carnes, 1983), and sexual compulsivity (Coleman, 1990), but the committee recommends the more descriptive term, Hypersexual Disorder.”
BackgroundTurnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) recovers sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males
Estrada‐Reyes, R., Ortiz-López, P., Gutiérrez-Ortíz, J., & Martı́nez-Mota, L. (2009) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.032 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Bloemers, J., van Rooij, K., Poels, S., Goldstein, I., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Koppeschaar, H. P. F., Chivers, M. L., Gerritsen, J., van Ham, D., Olivier, B., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02984.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nonparaphilic Hypersexual Behavior and Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature
Schultz, K., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., Penberthy, J. K., & Reid, R. C. (2013) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2013.772551 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“To help explain this variability in response, Bancroft and colleagues proposed a dual control model of sexual response (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
Macapagal, K., Janssen, E., Fridberg, D. J., Finn, P., & Heiman, J. (2010) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9676-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“One candidate concerns the role of individual differences in sexual inhibition and excitation (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
Correlates of Sexual Function in Male and Female Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Lew‐Starowicz, M., & Rola, R. (2014) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12622 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bancroft, J., Herbenick, D., Barnes, T., Hallam-Jones, R., Wylie, K. R., Janssen, E., & BASRT, M. O. (2005) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681990512331298275 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Interestingly, in addition to the Dual Control Model of psychophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system as an explanatory model (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000), evidence of a comparable dual control in the erectile tissues has been emerging, with erection depending upon the balance between the…”
BackgroundAnxiety and Female Sexual Functioning: An Empirical Study
Dèttore, D., Pucciarelli, M., & Santarnecchi, E. (2013) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2011.606879 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…Scale/Sexual Excitation Scale holds that, in humans, sexual response and related sexual behaviors depend on a twofold control mechanism present at the cerebral level and based on the balance created between the excitatory system and the inhibitory system (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundSubclinical Erectile Dysfunction: Proposal for a Novel Taxonomic Category in Sexual Medicine
Jannini, E. A., Lenzi, A., Isidori, A. M., & Fabbri, A. (2006) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00287.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Asexuality: Few Facts, Many Questions
Houdenhove, E. V., Gijs, L. A. C. L., T'Sjoen, G. G., & Enzlin, P. (2013) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2012.751073 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sachs, B. D. (2003) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900952 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“) Brain function is of course also essential to the normal stimulation and inhibition of erection”
BackgroundOn the intricate relationship between sexual motivation and arousal
Ågmo, A. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.08.013 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shulman, L. M., & Spritzer, M. D. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“, feeding and predator avoidance) and reduced fertility due to too many ejaculations [35].”
BackgroundJanssen, E., Prause, N., & Geer, J. H. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511546396.011 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Korda, J. B., Pfaus, J. G., Kellner, C. H., & Goldstein, I. (2009) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01421.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The dual control model of sexual response: a scoping review, 2009-2022
Janssen, E., & Bancroft, J. (2023) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2023.2219247 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Although a discussion of the central and peripheral neuro-physiology of sexual excitation and inhibition is beyond the focus of this review – see Bancroft (1999), Georgiadis et al. (2012), and Pfaus (2009) for relevant discussions – a number of studies have started to examine the association…”
Disorder in the court: The approach to sex addiction in Canadian legal proceedings
Montgomery-Graham, S. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs.2017-0002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Psychosocial Evaluation and Combination Treatment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Perelman, M. A. (2005) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2005.08.010 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Bancroft described a delicate balance between central excitatory and inhibiting mechanisms adding greater understanding of the role of anxiety and other psychogenic factors in ED [24].”
BackgroundBloemers, J., Gerritsen, J., Bults, R. G. A., Koppeschaar, H. P. F., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Olivier, B., & Tuiten, A. (2010) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01660.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Erectile Dysfunction and Depression: Screening and Treatment
Perelman, M. A. (2011) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2011.03.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Circular and Linear Modeling of Female Sexual Desire and Arousal
Hayes, R. D. (2011) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.548611 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Although a number of alternative models have been put forward, many of these models endeavour to unify factors that promote or inhibit the sexual response (Bancroft, 1999; Carpenter, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2008; Fisher, Aron, Mashek, Li, & Brown, 2002; Perelman, 2009). However, there is also a need for mo…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKilimnik, C. D., & Meston, C. M. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.09.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Quinta-Gomes, A. L., Janssen, E., Santos‐Iglesias, P., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Fonseca, L. M., & Nobre, P. J. (2018) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-017-1137-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“The underlying theoretical model, the Dual Control Model of Sexual Response, postulates that sexual arousal and associated processes result from a balance between inhibitory and excitatory neurophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system (Bancroft, 1999; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000).”
BackgroundSigmund Freud and His Impact on Our Understanding of Male Sexual Dysfunction
Hartmann, U. H. (2009) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01332.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Validación de las Escalas de Inhibición Sexual/Excitación Sexual-Forma Breve (SIS/SES-SF)
Moyano, N., & Sierra, J. C. (2014) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082014000200002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Así, Bancroft (1999) enumera las ocasiones en las que un determinado nivel de inhibición en el varón puede resultar adaptativo: 1) cuando una situación sexual es percibida como amenaza (e.g., riesgo de infecciones de transmisión sexual), 2) cuando la amenaza percibida no es sexual y la inhibición…”
InfluentialPopova, N. K., & Amstislavskaya, T. G. (2002) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000063681 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The impact of sexual arousal on sexual risk‐taking: A qualitative study
Strong, D., Bancroft, J., Carnes, L., Davis, L. A., & KENNEDY, J. M. (2005) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490509552273 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Our theoretical approach to studying the impact of sexual arousal on sexual risk-taking is based on the assumption that inhibition of sexual arousal, across species, is an adaptive mechanism that reduces the likelihood that sexual activity occurs in situations where such activity is likely to be disadvantageous (Bancr…”
BackgroundInfluentialSexual Pleasure and Motivation
Boul, L., Hallam-Jones, R., & Wylie, K. R. (2008) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230802525620 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“While arousal may function as an incentive, it is connected to implicit memory (see Everaerd, 1993; Agmo, 1999; Everaerd, Laan, & Spiering; Everaerd, Laan, Both, & Spiering, 2000, 2001; Bancroft, 1999; Geer, Lapour, & Jackson, 1993; Janseen & Everaerd, 1993), and although sexual arousal may appear to be activated auto…”
BackgroundCera, N., Pierro, E. D. D., Sepede, G., Gambi, F., Perrucci, M. G., Merla, A., Tartaro, A., Gratta, C. D., Galatioto, G. P., Vicentini, C., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02719.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Evaluation and Treatment of the Ejaculatory Disorders
Perelman, M. A., McMahon, C. G., & Barada, J. H. (2004) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1087-7_9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Finally, Bancroft’s [41] model of psychogenic factors in erectile dysfunction depends on a delicate balance between central excitatory and inhibiting mechanisms would seem to have potential applicability to the understanding of RE as well.”
BackgroundPhenomenology of adolescent inhalant intoxication.
Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2010) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0021737 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Such dose-response effects on sexual arousal may stem, in part, from the neuromodulation of cortical and subcortical circuits involved in behavioral inhibition or activation (Bancroft, 1999; Paredes, Karam, Highland, & Agmo, 1997).”
BackgroundWerner, M. A., Borgmann, M., & Laan, E. T. M. (2023) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2023.2212663 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…in overall responsiveness, since their interaction seems to encompass individual differences across all state circuitries, i.e., arousal, wanting, and liking, as well as aversion-circuitries (Bancroft, 1999; sometimes referred to as sensitivity of the overall nervous system; Toates, 2009, p. 170).”
BackgroundVelten, J. (2017) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-017-0108-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Guan, M., Zhang, X., Karama, S., Khundrakpam, B. S., Wang, M., Dong, M., Qin, W., Tian, J., Evans, A. C., et al. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22925 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“One considerable explanation for this association is that the negative psychological states may adversely affect the male central inhibitory mechanism of SA [Bancroft, 1999].”
BackgroundBloemendaal, L. B. A., & Laan, E. T. M. (2013) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.826166 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The complexities of female sexual arousal disorder: potential role of pharmacotherapy
Basson, R. J. (2002) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-002-0273-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Of note, Bancroft and colleagues at the Kinsey Institute postulate that men and women have an inherent sexual responsivity, perhaps, noradrenergically based, balanced by a variable amount of tonic inhibition [3].”
BackgroundGranados, R., Salinas, J. M., & Sierra, J. C. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.09.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“In accordance with the DCM, sexual excitation and sexual inhibition are relatively independent.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSexual response models in women
Wylie, K. R., & Mimoun, S. (2009) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.03.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The history of sexual medicine.
Perelman, M. A. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14194-005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mills, E., Ertl, N., Wall, M. B., Thurston, L., Yang, L. Y., Suladze, S., Hunjan, T., Phylactou, M., Patel, B., Muzi, B., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Is Hypersexuality Dimensional or Categorical? Evidence From Male and Female College Samples
Graham, F. J., Walters, G. D., Harris, D. A., & Knight, R. A. (2015) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.1003524 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Although a number of other labels and various conceptualizations have been used to identify constructs with identical features (Bancroft, 1999; Barth & Kinder, 1987; Carnes & Adams, 2002; Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), most major theories converge on similar characteristics, including compulsive sexual…”
BackgroundPerelman, M. A. (2004) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-004-0023-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Yohimbine reverses the exhaustion of the coital reflex in spinal male rats
Carro-Juárez, M., & Rodrı́guez–Manzo, G. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00324-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bancroft, J.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bancroft, J
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 763-784
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041264926
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- sexual inhibition, male sexual response, sexual dysfunction, sexual risk behavior, interindividual variability, neurotransmitters, brainstem, lateral hypothalamus, threat perception, inhibition mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Chemistry, Humans, Erectile Dysfunction, Male, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
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