CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 923Neural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and Influences

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 141 of the 154 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization

Klimesch, Wolfgang·1996·International Journal of Psychophysiology
DOI 10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00057-8
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This article tries to integrate results in memory research from divergent disciplines such as cognitive psychology, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology. The integrating link is seen in more recent findings that provide strong arguments for the assumption that oscillations are a basic form of communication between cortical cell assemblies. It is assumed that synchronous oscillations of large cell assemblies--termed type 1 synchronization--reflect a resting state or possibly even a state of functional inhibition. On the other hand, during mental activity, when different neuronal networks may start to oscillate with different frequencies, each network may still oscillate synchronously (this is termed type 2 synchronization), but as a consequence, the large scale type 1 oscillation disappears. It is argued that these different types of synchronization can be observed in the scalp EEG by calculating event-related power changes within comparatively narrow but individually adjusted frequency bands. Experimental findings are discussed which support the hypothesis that short-term (episodic) memory demands lead to a synchronization (increase in band power) in the theta band, whereas long-term (semantic) memory demands lead to a task-specific desynchronization (decrease or suppression of power) in the upper alpha band. Based on these and other findings, a new memory model is proposed that is described on three levels: cognitive, anatomical and neurophysiological. It is suggested that short-term (episodic) memory processes are reflected by oscillations in an anterior limbic system, whereas long-term (semantic) memory processes are reflected by oscillations in a posterior-thalamic system. Oscillations in these frequency bands possibly provide the basis for encoding, accessing, and retrieving cortical codes that are stored in the form of widely distributed but intensely interconnected cell assemblies.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00057-8

Cites

141 of 141 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Gray, 1987, Stimulus-dependent neuronal oscillations in the cat visual cortex area 17, Neuroscience (Suppl.), 22, 434
  2. Klimesch, 1988, Die Suchzeit für episodische und semantische Information, Sprache Kogn., 7, 129
  3. Klimesch, 1990, Alpha frequency and memory performance, J. Psychophysiol., 4, 381
  4. Pulvermueller, 1994, Brain rhythms, cell assemblies and cognition: Evidence from the processing of words and pseudowords, Psycoloquy.94.5.48. brain-rhythms, 1.pulvermueller

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 923

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Klimesch, W.
Affiliations
University of Salzburg (AT)
Corresponding author
Klimesch, Wolfgang
ORCID
Klimesch, Wolfgang
Venue
International Journal of Psychophysiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1996-11
Volume
24
Issue
1-2
Pages
61-100
ISSN
0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00057-8
OpenAlex
W2051134452
Cited by
923
References
154
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 44
FWCI
9.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
memory processes, neural oscillations, EEG synchronization, episodic memory, semantic memory, theta band, alpha band, resting state, functional inhibition, memory models, memory encoding and retrieval
MeSH terms
Alpha Rhythm, Attention, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Cortical Synchronization, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Models, Neurological, Psychomotor Performance, Semantics, Thalamus, Theta Rhythm, Visual Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review