Causal evolution of spin networks
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The rules of the Markopoulou-Smolin model generate surface-like excitations similar to those in standard spin-foam models but endow the foam with a notion of causality.
“These rules generate surface-like excitations of the same kind we encounter in the more standard spin-foam model, but endow the foam with a notion of causality.”
From The Spin-Foam Approach to Quantum Gravity (2013) · cites this paper as [267]
Markopoulou and Smolin define a general class of causal spin-foam models for gravity using the kinematical setting of LQG and assuming a micro-local causal structure at the Planck scale.
“Using the kinematical setting of LQG with the assumption of the existence of a micro-local (in the sense of Planck scale) causal structure, Markopoulou and Smolin define a general class of (causal) spin-foam models for gravity [267, 264] (see also [268]).”
From The Spin-Foam Approach to Quantum Gravity (2013) · cites this paper as [267]
The Markopoulou-Smolin models are not related to any continuum action.
“The models are not related to any continuum action.”
From The Spin-Foam Approach to Quantum Gravity (2013) · cites this paper as [267]
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Self-citationLing, Y. (2002) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1421423 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Causal set dynamics: a toy model
Criscuolo, A., & Waelbroeck, H. (1999) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/6/315 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Causal Structure in Spin Foams
Eugenio Bianchi, A., & Martin-Dussaud, P. (2024) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe10040181 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A discrete, unitary, causal theory of quantum gravity
Wall, A. C. (2013) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/30/11/115002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tkemaladze, J. (2026) · Longevity Horizon · doi:10.65649/nd2dae94 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Factorization and entanglement in quantum systems
Eakins, J., & Jaroszkiewicz, G. (2002) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General · doi:10.1088/0305-4470/36/2/315 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Quantum Topology Change and Large N Gauge Theories
De Albuquerque, L. C., Teotônio-Sobrinho, P., & Vaidya, S. (2004) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Towards a background independent approach to M theory
Smolin, L. (1999) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/s0960-0779(98)00206-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSPACE-TIME AT THE PLANCK SCALE: THE QUANTUM COMPUTER VIEW
Zizzi, P. (2006) · Conference on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics: Historical Analysis and Open Questions · doi:10.1142/9789812773258_0030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Quantum Computing SpacetimePreprint
Zizzi, P. (2002) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0204007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
String theory in a vertex operator representation: a simple model for testing loop quantum gravityPreprint
Starodubtsev, A. N. (2002) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0201089 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A lattice quantum gravity model with surface-like excitations in 4-dimensional spacetimePreprint
Iwasaki, J. (2000) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0006088 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Quantum Topology Change and Large N Gauge Theories
de Albuquerque, L. C., Teotonio-Sobrinho, P., & Vaidya, S. (2004) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/10/024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Markopoulou, F., & Smolin, L.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- ORCID
- Smolin, Lee
- Venue
- Nuclear Physics B
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 508
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 409-430
- ISSN
- 0550-3213 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122888037
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Nuclear Physics B (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9514240)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Keywords
- quantum gravity, causal sets, spin networks, loop representation, simplicial quantum gravity, directed percolation, classical limit, discrete spacetime, 1+1 dimensional gravity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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