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Hoxb8 Is Required for Normal Grooming Behavior in Mice
Open accessAbstract
Repertoires of grooming behaviors critical to survival are exhibited by most animal species, including humans. Genes that influence this complex behavior are unknown. We report that mice with disruptions of Hoxb8 show, with 100% penetrance, excessive grooming leading to hair removal and lesions. Additionally, these mice excessively groom normal cagemates. We have been unable to detect any skin or PNS abnormalities in Hoxb8 mutants. These observations suggest that the excessive, pathological grooming exhibited by these mice results from CNS abnormalities. Consistent with this interpretation, we demonstrate Hoxb8 expression in regions of the adult mouse CNS previously implicated in the control of grooming. The aberrant behavior observed in Hoxb8 mutants is not unlike that of humans suffering from the OC-spectrum disorder, trichotillomania. Interestingly, Hoxb8 is expressed in regions of the CNS known as the "OCD-circuit."
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“Three models in particular exhibit markedly elevated grooming: the HoxB8 knockout mouse,[20] the SAPAP3 knockout mouse,[21] and the SliTrk5 knockout mouse.[22]”
From Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
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Items 101–200 of 336
A twin concordance study of trichotillomania
Novak, C. E., Keuthen, N. J., Stewart, S. E., & Pauls, D. L. (2009) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30922 · Cited by 73
Odlaug, B. L., Chamberlain, S. R., Derbyshire, K. L., Leppink, E. W., & Grant, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.010 · Cited by 69
van de Vondervoort, I. I. G. M., Poelmans, G., Aschrafi, A., Pauls, D. L., Buitelaar, J. K., Glennon, J. C., & Franke, B. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140327 · Cited by 58
Annual Research Review: Transgenic mouse models of childhood‐onset psychiatric disorders
Robertson, H. R., & Feng, G. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02380.x · Cited by 33
“These mice exhibited excessive self and cage mate grooming that resulted in hair removal and skin lesions both on themselves and wild-type cage mates (Greer & Capecchi, 2002).”
InfluentialInflammatory dysregulation of monocytes in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Rodríguez, N., Morer, Á., González‐Navarro, E. A., Serra‐Pages, C., Boloc, D., Torres, T., García-Cerro, S., Mas, S., Gassó, P., & Lázaro, L. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-1042-z · Cited by 68
“knockout mice, exhibiting repetitive behaviors, mostly grooming, have also suggested the participation of microglia in the development of OCD and TS [63, 66, 67].”
BackgroundAnimal models of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders
d'Angelo, L.-S. C., Eagle, D. M., Grant, J. E., Fineberg, N. A., Robbins, T. W., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2013) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000564 · Cited by 74
“For instance Hoxb8 mutant mice show excessive grooming behavior that resembles trichotillomania.(31) D1CT-7 mice exhibit a range of compulsive-like behaviors that are characteristic of human OC spectrum disorders, including episodes of perseverance or repetition of any and all normal behaviors, repetitive leaping and…”
Backgroundm-CPP-induced self-grooming is mediated by 5-HT2C receptors.
Gráf, M., Kantor, S., Anheuer, Z., Modos, E. A., & Bagdy, G. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00404-7 · Cited by 57
“Recent studies have found further intriguing similarities between self-grooming in animals and OCD in humans [20,21].”
BackgroundGarner, J. P., Thogerson, C. M., Dufour, B. D., Würbel, H., Murray, J. D., & Mench, J. A. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.002 · Cited by 68
Zike, I. D., Xu, T., Hong, N., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.012 · Cited by 83
“On the other hand, Greer and Capecchi (2002) noted that HoxB8-null mice show excessive grooming resulting in extensive hair loss and skin lesions (Greer and Capecchi, 2002).”
BackgroundSato, H., Isogai, Y., Masuda, S., Taketomi, Y., Miki, Y., Kamei, D., Hara, S., Kobayashi, T., Ishikawa, Y., Ishii, T., et al. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.206755 · Cited by 56
Hollander, E., Friedberg, J. P., Wasserman, S., Yeh, C.-C., & Iyengar, R. L. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23370-9_5 · Cited by 50
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“…(IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH) on mouse postnatal or adult brain, expressions of Hoxd1, Hoxa2, Hoxa5, Hoxb7 and Hoxb8 have been reported either in forebrain territories or in the cerebellum, derived from r1 (Greer and Capecchi 2002; Sanlioglu et al. 1998; Wolf et al. 2001).”
BackgroundAnimal models of tic disorders: A translational perspective
Godar, S. C., Mosher, L. J., Giovanni, G. D., & Bortolato, M. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.008 · Cited by 55
“…is afforded by mice with mutations of the Hoxb8 gene, which exhibit grooming and marked abnormalities in the projection neurons of the CSTC and brainstem loops (Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Reilly, 2002); these characteristics may have relevance to TS and related disorders, such as trichotillomania.”
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“These changes then lead to an enhancement of corticostriatal activity in the Hoxb8 mutant mice, which can be seen to exhibit compulsive grooming behavior (Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Nagarajan et al., 2018).”
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“…that barbering (fur, whisker biting) in mice may represent a valid animal model of obsessivecompulsive (OC)-spectrum disorders (e.g., OCD, body dysmorphic disorder [BDD], tic disorders), particularly HPD (Feusner et al., 2009; Garner et al., 2004; Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Welch et al., 2007).”
InfluentialAssessing the validity of current mouse genetic models of obsessive-compulsive disorder
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“Greer and Capecchi (2002) generated and characterized Hoxb8 knockout (KO) mice.”
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Lovato, L. M., Ferrão, Y. A., Stein, D. J., Shavitt, R. G., Fontenelle, L. F., Vivan, A. D. S., Miguel, E. C., & Cordioli, A. V. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.06.008 · Cited by 53
“Previous studies have suggested that OCD is associated with GDs (including PSP and trichotillomania) but not with other ICDs, such as pathologic gambling and kleptomania [24,35-46].”
BackgroundA family study of trichotillomania and chronic hair pulling
Keuthen, N. J., Altenburger, E. M., & Pauls, D. (2014) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32218 · Cited by 48
“In addition, several candidate gene studies have been reported [Greer and Capecchi, 2002;Hemmings et al., 2006;Zuchner et al., 2006;Welch et al., 2007; Bienvenu et al., 2009; Zuchner et al., 2009] but there have been no replicated findings.”
BackgroundCross-species models of OCD spectrum disorders
Boulougouris, V., Chamberlain, S. R., & Robbins, T. W. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.07.016 · Cited by 49
“In terms of genetic models, these have largely been based on face validity, and include the hoxb8 mutant (Greer and Cappechi, 2002) as well as genetic manipulations of both dopamine (DA) and 5-HT functioning leading to similar behavior.”
Expression Pattern of a Homeotic Gene, HOXA5, in Normal Breast and in Breast Tumors
Henderson, G., van Diest, P. V., Burger, H., Russo, J., & Raman, V. (2006) · Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1155/2006/974810 · Cited by 48
“Keywords: Breast, homeotic gene, epidermal growth factor receptor”
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Rapanelli, M., Frick, L. R., Bito, H., & Pittenger, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1704547114 · Cited by 55
“0001; main effect of PFC subregion, F(2, 22) = 26.”
Glutamate drugs and pharmacogenetics of OCD: a pathway-based exploratory approach
Grados, M. A., Specht, M. W., Sung, H.-M., & Fortune, D. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2013.845553 · Cited by 49
“Hoxb8 mutant mice exhibit OCD-like behaviors, expressed as excessive grooming [158].”
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Overall, K. (2003) · The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(02)00103-1 · Cited by 47
Muehlmann, A. M., Edington, G., Mihalik, A., Buchwald, Z., Koppuzha, D., Korah, M. M., & Lewis, M. H. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.041 · Cited by 52
“The first includes repetitive behavior associated with developmental, typically genetic, insults to the central nervous system (CNS) such as the Hoxb8 homozygous mutant mouse [12] and the Sapap3 knockout mouse [13].”
BackgroundGrados, M. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.04.009 · Cited by 47
Rapanelli, M., Frick, L. R., Pogorelov, V. M., Ohtsu, H., Bito, H., & Pittenger, C. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.290 · Cited by 53
Update on pathological skin picking
Grant, J. E., & Odlaug, B. L. (2009) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0041-x · Cited by 51
“Greer and Capecchi [ 27 ] reported that mice with mutations of the hoxb8 gene groomed excessively to the point of skin lesions and hair removal compared with their control counterparts.”
BackgroundEstrogens, Brain, and Behavior: Lessons from Knockout Mouse Models
Hill, R., & Wah, B.-O. C. (2009) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1216275 · Cited by 44
Test- and behavior-specific genetic factors affect WKY hypoactivity in tests of emotionality.
Baum, A. E., Solberg, L. C., Churchill, G., Ahmadiyeh, N., Takahashi, J., & Redei, E. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.01.007 · Cited by 43
Expression of Hox Genes in the Nervous System of Vertebrates
Nolte, C., & Krumlauf, R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68990-6_2 · Cited by 43
The relationship of psychological trauma with trichotillomania and skin picking
Özten, E., Sayar, G., Eryılmaz, G., Kağan, G., Işık, S., & Karamustafalıoğlu, O. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s79554 · Cited by 42
A clinical comparison of pathologic skin picking and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Grant, J., Odlaug, B., & Kim, S.-W. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.10.006 · Cited by 42
“Animal research also supports the link among these grooming disorders [30-33].”
BackgroundMedina-Martinez, O., & Ramírez-Solís, R. (2003) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.07.020 · Cited by 42
5′ Hox Genes and Meis 1, a Hox-DNA Binding Cofactor, Are Expressed in the Adult Mouse Epididymis1
Bomgardner, D., Hinton, B. T., & Turner, T. T. (2003) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.009324 · Cited by 42
Zfp462 deficiency causes anxiety‐like behaviors with excessive self‐grooming in mice
Wang, B., Zheng, Y., Shi, H., Du, X., Zhang, Y., Wei, B. K., Luo, M., Wang, H., Wu, X., Hua, X., et al. (2016) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12339 · Cited by 48
“This indicated that Zfp462+/− mice have obsessive-compulsive behaviors because excessive self-grooming is considered a feature of some forms of OCD (Bienvenu et al. 2009; Greer & Capecchi 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialMiR-32-5p regulates the proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by targeting HOXB8.
Liu, Y.-J., Zhou, H.-G., Chen, L.-H., Qu, D.-N., Wang, C.-J., Xia, Z.-J., & Zheng, J.-H. (2019) · European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.26355/eurrev_201901_16752 · Cited by 41
Modeling tics in rodents: Conceptual challenges and paths forward
Bortolato, M., & Pittenger, C. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.02.007 · Cited by 49
Mouse Models of Neurodevelopmental Disease of the Basal Ganglia and Associated Circuits
Pappas, S. S., Leventhal, D., Albin, R. L., & Dauer, W. T. (2014) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397920-9.00001-9 · Cited by 41
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“Our results suggest that Hoxb transcription factors regulate HSPG expression or cell proliferation, but we could not correlate our findings with previous information on these transcription factors (Fischbach et al., 2005; Rubin et al., 2007; Knoepfler et al., 2001; Greer and Capecchi, 2002).”
Striatal abnormalities in trichotillomania: a multi-site MRI analysis
Isobe, M., Redden, S. A., Keuthen, N. J., Stein, D. J., Lochner, C., Grant, J. E., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.031 · Cited by 37
“As such, and in view of the recent development of animal models with good validity (Chamberlain et al., 2007b; Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Hyman, 2007), trichotillomania constitutes a key model for better understanding compulsive symptoms more generally.”
BackgroundEspinosa, F., Xuan, Z., Liu, S., & Powell, C. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2015.00011 · Cited by 37
“Striatal synaptic NMDAR currents and/or the NMDA/AMPA ratio are also affected in other animal models of ASD and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD; Welch et al., 2007; Peça et al., 2011; Kouser et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultJohnson, J., & El‐Alfy, A. T. (2015) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2015.05.001 · Cited by 40
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BackgroundInfluentialAnimal models of obsessive compulsive disorder: recent findings and future directions
Hoffman, K. L. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2011.577772 · Cited by 39
“2 Hoxb8, SAPAP-3 and SLITRK-5 mutations Loss of function mutations of the Hoxb8 gene resulted in severely excessive grooming behavior to the point of generating skin lesions [71].”
BackgroundObsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Bali: The Cultural Shaping of a Neuropsychiatric Disorder
Lemelson, R. (2003) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615030403004 · Cited by 39
“The PANDAS hypothesis, however intriguing, is just one competing among several others (for example, bacterial superantigens, c.f. Homeobox [HOX] gene theory; Graybiel & Saka, 2002; Greer & Capecchi, 2002).”
BackgroundYang, X. W., & Lu, X.-H. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32834451fb · Cited by 36
Nutritional up-regulation of serotonin paradoxically induces compulsive behavior.
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Barbering in mice: a model for trichotillomania
Kurien, B., Gross, T., & Scofield, R. (2005) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1503 · Cited by 36
Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder)
Grant, J. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_529_18 · Cited by 35
“Three models in particular exhibit markedly elevated grooming: the HoxB8 knockout mouse,[20] the SAPAP3 knockout mouse,[21] and the SliTrk5 knockout mouse.”
Nagarajan, N., & Capecchi, M. R. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02019-w · Cited by 41
Self-citationA Proximal Perspective on Disgust
Stevenson, R. J., Case, T. I., Oaten, M., Stafford, L. D., & Saluja, S. (2019) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073919853355 · Cited by 45
“Tactile cues are 388 important drivers of grooming behavior in many mammals (Greer & Capecchi, 2002; Sachs, 389 1988).”
BackgroundA 92-gene cancer classifier predicts the site of origin for neuroendocrine tumors
Kerr, S., Schnabel, C., Sullivan, P., Zhang, Y., Huang, V. J., Erlander, M., Brachtel, E., & Dry, S. (2014) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.105 · Cited by 35
Neural-Immune Interactions in Brain Function and Alcohol Related Disorders
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The Psychopharmacology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Preclinical Roadmap
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“, 2017a), including HOXB8 (Greer and Capecchi, 2002), which is discussed later in section III.”
BackgroundRecent Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Trichotillomania
Walther, M. R., Ricketts, E. J., Conelea, C. A., & Woods, D. W. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.24.1.46 · Cited by 34
“…may contribute to TTM susceptibility include those associated with the encoding of components in the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter pathways (e.g., T102T-genotype; Hemmings et al., 2006) and genes expressed in cortico-basal ganglia circuits (e.g., Hoxb8; Greer & Capecchi, 2002).”
BackgroundDevelopmental and hair-coat determinants of grooming behaviour in goats and sheep
Hart, B., & Pryor, P. A. (2004) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.01.002 · Cited by 33
“…extensively (Fentress 1988; Sachs 1988), recent behavioural analyses of mice with a Hoxb8mutant gene revealed the occurrence of excessive initiation of grooming as well as overall grooming (Greer & Capecchi 2002), further reinforcing the concept of an endogenous generator for bouts of grooming.”
BackgroundWolmarans, D. W., Scheepers, I. M., Stein, D. J., & Harvey, B. H. (2017) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-017-0161-7 · Cited by 36
Sexually dimorphic grooming in bison : the influence of body size, activity budget and androgens
Mooring, M., Patton, M., Reisig, D., Osborne, E. R., Kanallakan, A. L., & Aubery, S. M. (2006) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.02.006 · Cited by 32
ABNORMAL BEHAVIORAL ORGANIZATION OF GROOMING IN MICE LACKING THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE
Kalueff, A., Lou, Y.-R., Laaksi, I., & Tuohimaa, P. (2005) · Journal of neurogenetics · doi:10.1080/01677060590949683 · Cited by 31
Genetics of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a research update
Grados, M. A., & Wilcox, H. C. (2007) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.8.967 · Cited by 33
Trichotillomania, stereotypic movement disorder, and related disorders
Stein, D., Garner, J., Keuthen, N., Franklin, M., Walkup, J., Woods, D. W., & the Board (2007) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-007-0036-4 · Cited by 30
Conserved co-regulation and promoter sharing of hoxb3a and hoxb4a in zebrafish
Hadrys, T., Punnamoottil, B., Pieper, M., Kikuta, H., Pézeron, G., Becker, T. S., Prince, V., Baker, R., & Rinkwitz, S. (2006) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.446 · Cited by 27
“Hox genes are also found to be expressed in the adult brain (Cillo et al., 2001; Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Oberdick et al., 1998; Sarno et al., 2005) and have been reported to control the establishment of neuronal circuits in the brain stem (del Toro et al.”
BackgroundModeling Restricted Repetitive Behavior in Animals
Bechard, A. R. (2012) · Autism - Open Access · doi:10.4172/2165-7890.s1-006 · Cited by 24
“RRB can also be modeled in mice with perturbations to the Hoxb8 gene, which display excessive grooming that can lead to wound infliction [28].”
Stereotypies in the Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can We Rely on an Ethological Model?
Keller, R., Costa, T., Imperiale, D., Bianco, A., Rondini, E., Hassiotis, A., & Bertelli, M. O. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060762 · Cited by 32
Macrı̀, S., Onori, M. P., & Laviola, G. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.014 · Cited by 26
Lu, Q., Murakami, C., Murakami, Y., Hoshino, F., Asami, M., Usuki, T., Sakai, H., & Sakane, F. (2020) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13765 · Cited by 26
Kyzar, E. J., Pham, M., Roth, A., Cachat, J., Green, J. B. A., Gaikwad, S., & Kalueff, A. V. (2012) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.08.004 · Cited by 25
“, 2012) and Hoxb8 (Greer and Capecchi, 2002) mutants, show alterations in self-grooming behavior.”
Evolution, Expression, and Developmental Function of Hox-Embedded miRNAs
Mansfield, J. H., & McGlinn, E. (2012) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387038-4.00002-1 · Cited by 28
Pallanti, S., & Hollander, E. (2013) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000618 · Cited by 21
Harrison, J. P., & Franklin, M. E. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0269-8 · Cited by 25
Genetic susceptibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Fernandez, T. V., Leckman, J. F., & Pittenger, C. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00049-1 · Cited by 34
Mouse Models for Studying Depression-Like States and Antidepressant Drugs
Bergner, C., Smolinsky, A. N., Hart, P. C., Dufour, B. D., Egan, R. J., LaPorte, J. L., & Kalueff, A. V. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3661-8_15 · Cited by 27
“Some genetically modified mouse strains also display “compulsive” grooming behavior (39) that may mask any alterations in the animal’s coat state.”
BackgroundNew insights and perspectives on the genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Zai, G. C., Barta, C., Cath, D. C., Eapen, V., GELLER, D. A., & Grünblatt, E. (2019) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000230 · Cited by 32
Behavioral and pharmacological phenotypes of brain-specific diacylglycerol kinase δ-knockout mice
Usuki, T., Takato, T., Lu, Q., Sakai, H., Bando, K., Kiyonari, H., & Sakane, F. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.017 · Cited by 23
Comparative analysis of Hoxa5 allelic series
Tabariès, S., Lemieux, M., Aubin, J., & Jeannotte, L. (2007) · Genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20292 · Cited by 24
“Similarly, the deletion of the selection cassette nullifies the posterior shift seen in Hoxb9 and Hoxb6 somitic gene expression observed with the Hoxb8 conditional allele (Greer and Capecchi, 2002).”
Joel, D., Stein, D. J., & Schreiber, R. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373861-5.00006-0 · Cited by 20
Hormonal control of grooming behavior in domestic goats.
Kakuma, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Mori, Y., & Hart, B. (2003) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00942-3 · Cited by 23
On astrocyte-neuron interactions: broad insights from the striatum
Khakh, B. S. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.08.009 · Cited by 23
Cortical thickness abnormalities in trichotillomania: international multi-site analysis
Chamberlain, S. R., Harries, M., Redden, S. A., Keuthen, N. J., Stein, D. J., Lochner, C., & Grant, J. E. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9746-3 · Cited by 22
“For example, mice with knockout of the hoxb8 gene – which is involved in neuronal development – show excessive grooming resulting in loss of hair and skin damage (akin to human trichotillomania and skin picking disorder, respectively) (Greer and Capecchi 2002).”
BackgroundGrooming in desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) and the ghost of parasites past
Mooring, M., Hart, B., Fitzpatrick, T. A., Reisig, D., Nishihira, T. T., Fraser, I., & Benjamin, J. B. (2006) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arj039 · Cited by 22
“The recent finding that a mutant gene of Hoxb8 triggers excessive grooming in mice (Greer and Capecchi, 2002) supports the concept of a grooming control center in the central nervous system.”
BackgroundAnimal Models Recapitulating the Multifactorial Origin of Tourette Syndrome
Macrì, S., Onori, M. P., Roessner, V., & Laviola, G. (2013) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411546-0.00008-1 · Cited by 28
Trichotillomania: An Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder?
Stein, D., Lochner, C., Hemmings, S., & Kinnear, C. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23370-9_7 · Cited by 22
Vallée, A., Lecarpentier, Y., & Vallée, J.-N. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01086-1 · Cited by 23
“A specific role for microglia in OCD have been suggested in mouse models [57].”
BackgroundHuman-leukocyte antigen class II genes in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder
Rodríguez, N., Morer, Á., González‐Navarro, E. A., Gassó, P., Boloc, D., Serra‐Pages, C., Lafuente, A., Lázaro, L., & Mas, S. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1327669 · Cited by 27
Dries, D. R., Zhu, Y., Brooks, M., Forero, D. A., Adachi, M., Cenik, B., West, J. M., Han, Y., Yu, C., Arbella, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m116.715078 · Cited by 28
Roth, A. J. L., Kyzar, E. J., Cachat, J., Stewart, A., Green, J. B. A., Gaikwad, S., O’Leary, T. P., Tabakoff, B., Brown, R. E., & Kalueff, A. V. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.015 · Cited by 19
“…shows the value of analyzing grooming as a behavioral endpoint following genetic or pharmacological manipulations in experimental models of various brain disorders (Audet et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2010; Estanislau, 2012; Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Kalueff and Tuohimaa, 2005c; Kalueff et al., 2004).”
InfluentialChronic Nicotine Exposure has Dissociable Behavioural Effects on Control and Beta2−/− Mice
Besson, M., Suárez, S., Cormier, A., Changeux, J., & Granon, S. (2008) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-008-9216-1 · Cited by 19
“Moreover, spontaneous repetitive behaviours such as rearing and grooming have been recorded in a familiar environment as a further measure of exploratory activity and of the emotional state of the animals, excessive grooming being considered analagous to symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder ( Greer and Capecchi 2…”
BackgroundWilson, C., Gattuso, J. J., Hannan, A. J., & Renoir, T. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106223 · Cited by 22
“The Hoxb8 KO mouse may be a useful model in the study of both OCD and trichotillomania, given that these mice exhibit an over-grooming and hair removal phenotype (Greer and Capecchi, 2002).”
The therapeutic potential of bone marrow‐derived macrophages in neurological diseases
Zhou, K., Han, J., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, C. (2022) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13964 · Cited by 44
The role of neuroglia in autism spectrum disorders
Scuderi, C., & Verkhratsky, A. (2020) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.011 · Cited by 30
Disruption of Ninjurin1 Leads to Repetitive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice
Le, H., Ahn, B. J., Lee, H. S., Shin, A., Chae, S., Lee, S. Y., Shin, M. W., Lee, E.-J., Cha, J., Son, T., et al. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0207-6 · Cited by 21
Homeobox genes in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Nestadt, G., Wang, Y., Grados, M. A., Riddle, M. A., Greenberg, B. D., Knowles, J. A., Fyer, A. J., McCracken, J. T., Rauch, S. L., Murphy, D. L., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32001 · Cited by 22
Mouse Models for Drug Discovery
Proetzel, G., & Wiles, M. (2016) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3661-8 · Cited by 20
Chen, X., Yue, J.-H., Luo, Y., Huang, L.-Y., Li, B.-X., & Wen, S.-L. (2021) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-021-00177-x · Cited by 19
“After 10 min, the mouse was gently sprayed with a watering can, and the subsequent grooming behavior of the mouse was recorded within 20 min for further analyses [19].”
MethodPsychobiology of Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Stein, D. J. (2008) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900026900 · Cited by 20
Animal Models for OCD Research
Chamberlain, B. L., & Ahmari, S. E. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_196 · Cited by 29
Kant, R., Pasi, S., & Surolia, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02508 · Cited by 21
“was induced in C57BL6/J mice (female, 8-10 week old) by injecting MOG(35-55), (A) grooming analysis viz.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMetaxas, A., Keyworth, H. L., Yoo, J.-S., Chen, Y., Kitchen, I., & Bailey, A. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02023.x · Cited by 18
“For instance, mice lacking the Sapap3 or Hoxb8 genes are considered to be animal models of OCD-like behaviours and exhibit intense self-grooming leading to hair removal and skin lesions (Greer and Capecchi, 2002; Welch et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAn ethological analysis of barbering behavior
Dufour, B. D., & Garner, J. P. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511676109.011 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Greer, J. M., & Capecchi, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Capecchi, Mario R.
- ORCID
- Capecchi, Mario R.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-34
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155060440
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 19.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 4215 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- Hoxb8, grooming, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, hair removal
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alleles, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Bone and Bones, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Genotype, Grooming, Male, Mice, Neurologic Mutants, Nerve Net, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phenotype, RNA, Messenger, Skin, Mice, Knockout, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice
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