Neuronal Correlates of a Perceptual Decision in Ventral Premotor Cortex
Open accessAbstract
The ventral premotor cortex (VPC) is involved in the transformation of sensory information into action, although the exact neuronal operation is not known. We addressed this problem by recording from single neurons in VPC while trained monkeys report a decision based on the comparison of two mechanical vibrations applied sequentially to the fingertips. Here we report that the activity of VPC neurons reflects current and remembered sensory inputs, their comparison, and motor commands expressing the result; that is, the entire processing cascade linking the evaluation of sensory stimuli with a motor report. These findings provide a fairly complete panorama of the neural dynamics that underlies the transformation of sensory information into an action and emphasize the role of VPC in perceptual decisions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Several other brain structures such as the superior colliculus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Walker area 46), and the FEF are thought to represent quantities like the accumulated evidence in area LIP.
“Several other brain structures such as the superior colliculus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Walker area 46), and the FEF are thought to represent quantities like the accumulated evidence in area LIP2,10,11,34–37”
From Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task (2006) · cites this paper as [34]
Cites
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Guitton, H., & Siegel, S. (1958) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3498751 · Cited by 35,281 · see citing works
Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (2005) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2005.s303 · Cited by 17,993 · see citing works
Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., & Flannery, B. P. (1994) · Cited by 15,411 · see citing works
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · see citing works
(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,293 · see citing works
Signal detection theory and psychophysics
Ingleby, D. (1967) · Journal of Sound and Vibration · doi:10.1016/0022-460x(67)90197-6 · Cited by 8,616 · see citing works
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
McGinn, L. C. (1957) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(57)90766-4 · Cited by 7,284 · see citing works
Mallows, C. L., Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (1967) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2283698 · Cited by 1,738 · see citing works
Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey
Rizzolatti, G., Camarda, R., Fogassi, L., Gentilucci, M., Luppino, G., & Matelli, M. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00248742 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe
Dum, R., & Strick, P. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-03-00667.1991 · Cited by 1,447 · see citing works
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
(2010) · Encyclopedia of Research Design · doi:10.4135/9781412961288.n273 · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works
Rizzolatti, G., & Luppino, G. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00423-8 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Umiltà, M. A., Kohler, E., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., Fadiga, L., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00337-3 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT
Britten, K. H., Newsome, W. T., Shadlen, M. N., Celebrini, S., & Movshon, J. A. (1996) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s095252380000715x · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
He, S., Dum, R. P., & Strick, P. L. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-03-00952.1993 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Neuronal correlates of parametric working memory in the prefrontal cortex
Romo, R., Brody, C. D., Hernández, A., & Lemus, L. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/20939 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Self-citationVisuospatial properties of ventral premotor cortex
Graziano, M. S. A., Hu, X. T., & Gross, C. G. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2268 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Flutter Discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making
Romo, R., & Salinas, E. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1058 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Self-citationGentilucci, M., Fogassi, L., Luppino, G., Matelli, M., Camarda, R., & Rizzolatti, G. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00248741 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Neural basis of deciding, choosing and acting
Schall, J. D. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35049054 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey
Matelli, M., Camarda, R., Glickstein, M., & Rizzolatti, G. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902510302 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Fuster, J. M. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01128-4 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Interconnections between the prefrontal cortex and the premotor areas in the frontal lobe
Lu, M., Preston, J. B., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903410308 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
McFarland, N. R., & Haber, S. N. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-18-08117.2002 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Fogassi, L. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.3.571 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Luppino, G., Murata, A., Govoni, P., & Matelli, M. (1999) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050833 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Neuronal correlates of decision-making in secondary somatosensory cortex
Romo, R., Hernández, A., Zainos, A., Lemus, L., & Brody, C. D. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn950 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationDirection of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. S., & Strick, P. L. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn726 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Timing and Neural Encoding of Somatosensory Parametric Working Memory in Macaque Prefrontal Cortex
Brody, C. D. (2003) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhg100 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Periodicity and Firing Rate As Candidate Neural Codes for the Frequency of Vibrotactile Stimuli
Salinas, E., Hernández, A., Zainos, A., & Romo, R. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-14-05503.2000 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citationGodschalk, M., Lemon, R., Kuypers, H. G. J. M., & Ronday, H. K. (1984) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00237982 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
A neuronal representation of the location of nearby sounds
Graziano, M. S. A., Reiss, L. A. J., & Gross, C. G. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/17115 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Touch and Go: Decision-Making Mechanisms in Somatosensation
Romo, R., & Salinas, E. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.107 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal Evolution of a Decision-Making Process in Medial Premotor Cortex
Hernández, A., Zainos, A., & Romo, R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00613-x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationKeizer, K., & Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1989) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00248864 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Mountcastle, V. B., Steinmetz, M., & Romo, R. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-09-03032.1990 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationMcFarland, N. R., & Haber, S. N. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-10-03798.2000 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Neuronal correlates of sensory discrimination in the somatosensory cortex
Hernández, A., Zainos, A., & Romo, R. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.120018597 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelated Neuronal Discharges that Increase Coding Efficiency during Perceptual Discrimination
Romo, R., Hernández, A., Zainos, A., & Salinas, E. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00287-3 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationConversion of Working Memory to Motor Sequence in the Monkey Premotor Cortex
Ohbayashi, M., Ohki, K., & Miyashita, Y. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1084884 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Discrimination in the Sense of Flutter: New Psychophysical Measurements in Monkeys
Hernández, A., Salinas, E., García, R., & Romo, R. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-16-06391.1997 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationPrimate premotor cortex: dissociation of visuomotor from sensory signals
Wise, S. P., di Pellegrino, G., & Boussaoud, D. (1992) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.969 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Functional Organization of Inferior Area 6
Rizzolatti, G. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470513545.ch11 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ersser, S. J. (1990) · Nursing Standard · doi:10.7748/ns.4.28.39.s47 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neural Basis of Decision Making
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038 · Cited by 3,764 · see citing works
Neural Mechanisms for Interacting with a World Full of Action Choices
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135409 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Multiple dopamine functions at different time courses
Schultz, W. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722 · Cited by 1,415 · see citing works
Neuronal Reward and Decision Signals: From Theories to Data
Schultz, W. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
The dynamic brain: from spiking neurons to neural masses and cortical fields
Deco, G., Jirsa, V. K., Robinson, P. A., Breakspear, M., & Friston, K. (2008) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000092 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
Wang, X.-J. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.034 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
“…variety of decision tasks, including perceptual discrimination (Shadlen and Newsome, 1996, 2001; Romo and Salinas, 2001; Roitman and Shadlen, 2002; Romo et al., 2004; Heekeren et al., 2008), target selection (Hanes and Schall, 1996; Schall, 2001, 2004; Cisek and Kalaska, 2005; Scherberger and…”
BackgroundExperience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex
Freedman, D. J., & Assad, J. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05078 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Flexible control of mutual inhibition: a neural model of two-interval discrimination
Machens, C. K., Romo, R., & Brody, C. D. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104171 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationMidbrain dopamine neurons encode decisions for future action
Morris, G., Nevet, A., Arkadir, D., Vaadia, E., & Bergman, H. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1743 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Elapsed Decision Time Affects the Weighting of Prior Probability in a Perceptual Decision Task
Hanks, T. D., Mazurek, M. E., Kiani, R., Hopp, E., & Shadlen, M. N. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5613-10.2011 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task
Hanks, T. D., Ditterich, J., & Shadlen, M. N. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1683 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Cisek, P. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5605-05.2006 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Neural computations underlying action-based decision making in the human brain
Wunderlich, K., Rangel, A., & O'Doherty, J. P. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0901077106 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Brain mechanisms for perceptual and reward-related decision-making
Deco, G., Rolls, E. T., Albantakis, L., & Romo, R. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.010 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationRepresentation of accumulating evidence for a decision in two parietal areas
de Lafuente, V., Jazayeri, M., & Shadlen, M. N. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2451-14.2015 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“…supports the idea that analysis of sensory information occurs in circuits associated with provisional behavioral responses to stim- uli (Schall, 2001; Romo et al., 2004; Rorie and Newsome, 2005; Gold and Shadlen, 2007; Lemus et al., 2007; Andersen and Cui, 2009; Cisek and Kalaska, 2010; Hernández…”
BackgroundChoice, difficulty, and confidence in the brain
Rolls, E. T., Grabenhorst, F., & Deco, G. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.073 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The cutaneous rabbit illusion affects human primary sensory cortex somatotopically
Blankenburg, F., Ruff, C. C., Deichmann, R., Rees, G., & Driver, J. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040069 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Pleger, B., Blankenburg, F., Ruff, C. C., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1093-08.2008 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Dynamics of cortical neuronal ensembles transit from decision making to storage for later report
Ponce-Alvarez, A., Nácher, V., Luna, R., Riehle, A., & Romo, R. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6176-11.2012 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationLeveraging Nonhuman Primate Multisensory Neurons and Circuits in Assessing Consciousness Theory
Noel, J.-P., Ishizawa, Y., Patel, S. R., Eskandar, E. N., & Wallace, M. T. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0934-19.2019 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kamigaki, T., Fukushima, T., Tamura, K., & Miyashita, Y. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00277 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Romo, R., Hernández, A., & Zainos, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Romo, Ranulfo
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 165-173
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146267034
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 7.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3485 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- ventral premotor cortex, perceptual decision making, single-unit recording, sensory-motor transformation, motor command, sensory memory, neural dynamics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Discrimination, Psychological, Electrophysiology, Fingers, Macaca mulatta, Memory, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex, Neurons, Sensation, Vibration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
