Leveraging Nonhuman Primate Multisensory Neurons and Circuits in Assessing Consciousness Theory
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Abstract
Both the global neuronal workspace (GNW) and integrated information theory (IIT) posit that highly complex and interconnected networks engender perceptual awareness. GNW specifies that activity recruiting frontoparietal networks will elicit a subjective experience, whereas IIT is more concerned with the functional architecture of networks than with activity within it. Here, we argue that according to IIT mathematics, circuits converging on integrative versus convergent yet non-integrative neurons should support a greater degree of consciousness. We test this hypothesis by analyzing a dataset of neuronal responses collected simultaneously from primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and ventral premotor cortex (vPM) in nonhuman primates presented with auditory, tactile, and audio-tactile stimuli as they are progressively anesthetized with propofol. We first describe the multisensory (audio-tactile) characteristics of S1 and vPM neurons (mean and dispersion tendencies, as well as noise-correlations), and functionally label these neurons as convergent or integrative according to their spiking responses. Then, we characterize how these different pools of neurons behave as a function of consciousness. At odds with the IIT mathematics, results suggest that convergent neurons more readily exhibit properties of consciousness (neural complexity and noise correlation) and are more impacted during the loss of consciousness than integrative neurons. Last, we provide support for the GNW by showing that neural ignition (i.e., same trial coactivation of S1 and vPM) was more frequent in conscious than unconscious states. Overall, we contrast GNW and IIT within the same single-unit activity dataset, and support the GNW. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A number of prominent theories of consciousness exist, and a number of these share strong commonalities, such as the central role they ascribe to integration. Despite the important and far reaching consequences developing a better understanding of consciousness promises to bring, for instance in diagnosing disorders of consciousness (e.g., coma, vegetative-state, locked-in syndrome), these theories are seldom tested via invasive techniques (with high signal-to-noise ratios), and never directly confronted within a single dataset. Here, we first derive concrete and testable predictions from the global neuronal workspace and integrated information theory of consciousness. Then, we put these to the test by functionally labeling specific neurons as either convergent or integrative nodes, and examining the response of these neurons during anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness.
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Direct empirical tests of GNW against other theories of consciousness using the same dataset are emerging.
“Furthermore, direct empirical tests of the GNW to other theories of consciousness using the same dataset are emerging (e.g., Noel et al., 2019).”
From Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis (2020) · cites this paper as Noel et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Noel, J.-P., Ishizawa, Y., Patel, S. R., Eskandar, E. N., & Wallace, M. T.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019-07-29
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 7485-7500
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6750944
- OpenAlex
- W2964615008
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH112336)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P01GM118269)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD083211)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- consciousness, global neuronal workspace theory, integrated information theory, multisensory neurons, primary somatosensory cortex, ventral premotor cortex, propofol anesthesia, loss of consciousness, neural complexity, noise correlation, single-unit activity, non-human primates, disorders of consciousness
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Consciousness, Macaca mulatta, Male, Models, Neurological, Models, Theoretical, Neural Pathways, Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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