Cited by 575Body Composition Measurement TechniquesElectrical and Bioimpedance TomographyNutrition and Health in Aging

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 20–94 years

Kyle, Ursula G, Genton, Laurence, Karsegard, Laurie, Slosman, Daniel O, Pichard, Claude·2001·Nutrition

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Abstract

Existing equations for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are of limited use when subjects age or become overweight because these equations were developed in young, normal-weight subjects and are not valid in elderly or overweight people. The purpose of this study was to validate a single BIA equation in healthy white subjects aged 22--94 y with a body mass index between 17.0 and 33.8 kg/m(2). Healthy subjects (202 men and 141 women) aged 20--94 y were measured by two methods: fat-free mass (FFM) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR-4500) and by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Xitron 4000B). Validity of BIA was assessed by double cross validation. Because correlations were high (r = 0.986--0.987) and prediction errors low, a single equation was developed using all subjects, as follows: FFM = -4.104 + (0.518 x height(2)/resistance) + (0.231 x weight) + (0.130 x reactance) + (4.229 x sex: men = 1, women = 0). FFM predicted with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was 54.0 +/- 10.7 kg. BIA-predicted FFM was 54.0 +/- 10.5 kg (r = 0.986, standard error of the estimate = 1.72 kg, technical error = 1.74 kg). In conclusion, the new Geneva BIA equation was valid for prediction of FFM in healthy adults aged 22--94 y with body mass indexes between 17.0 and 33.8 kg/m(2). Inclusion of reactance in the single prediction equation appeared to be essential for use of BIA equations in populations with large variations in age or body mass.

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Bor, P., Kingma, B. F., Kerst, A., Steenhagen, E., Ruurda, J. P. H., van Hillegersberg, R., Valkenet, K., & Veenhof, C. (2021) · Diseases of the Esophagus · doi:10.1093/dote/doab008 · Cited by 8
How much does fat mass change affect serum uric acid levels among apparently clinically healthy Korean men?
Ahn, J. K., Hwang, J., Lee, M. Y., et al. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x21993253 · Cited by 8
Noninvasive health monitoring using bioelectrical impedance analysis
Aldobali, M., Pal, K., & Chhabra, H. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99031-8.00008-9 · Cited by 11
Comparing measures of fat-free mass in overweight older adults using three different bioelectrical impedance devices and three prediction equations
Ramsey, R., Isenring, E. A., & Daniels, L. (2011) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0085-6 · Cited by 8
“The aims of this study were to: 1) compare measurements of FFM by traditional handto-foot BIA with measurements of FFM by foot-to-foot BIA and BIS; and 2) compare the FFM predicted by the pre-programmed equation from the traditional hand-to-foot BIA device to FFM predicted by three different prediction equations devel…”
Bioimpedance Vector Analysis in Diagnosing Severe and Non-Severe Dengue Patients
Khalil, S. F., Mohktar, M. S., & Ibrahim, F. (2016) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s16060911 · Cited by 8
Predictors for achieving adequate protein and energy intake in nursing home rehabilitation patients
van Zwienen-Pot, J. I., Visser, M., & Kruizenga, H. (2017) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-017-0850-4 · Cited by 6
Validity of DXA body volume equations in a four-compartment model for adults with varying body mass index and waist circumference classifications
McLester, C. N., Nickerson, B. S., Kliszczewicz, B. M., Hicks, C. S., Williamson, C. M., Bechke, E. E., & McLester, J. R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206866 · Cited by 8
Whole-body vibration in the reduction of the cellulite
Cristovam, D. N., Botelho, S., Andrade, M. F., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy · doi:10.1080/14764172.2018.1525750 · Cited by 8
Is whole body impedance a predictor of blood viscosity?
Varlet‐Marie, E., Gaudard, A., Mercier, J., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Sarcopenic patients “get even”: The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality
Ceolin, C., RUI, M. D., Simonato, C., Vergadoro, M., Cazzavillan, S., Acunto, V., Papa, M. V., Trapella, G. S., Zanforlini, B. M., Curreri, C., et al. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112382 · Cited by 7
“Estimate of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) for our sample was calculated using the equation developed by Sergi et al. (Kyle et al., 2001; Kyle et al., 2003), i.e. ASMM = (cid:0) 3.964 + (0.227 * RI) + (0.095 * weight) + (1.384 * sex) + (0.064 * Xc), where men = 1 and women = 0.”
Influential
Impact of pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia on biological and functional outcomes in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study.
Sepúlveda‐Loyola, W., Junior, P. S. P., Valenzuela‐Fuenzalida, J. J., Santillán-Zuta, M., & Probst, V. S. (2024) · Nutrición clínica y dietética hospitalaria/Nutrición clínica, dietética hospitalaria · doi:10.12873/441sepulveda · Cited by 7
“FFM was calculated by the formula of Kyle et at 22 .”
Concordance between Laboratory and Field Methods for the Assessment of Body Fat in Olympic Combat Athletes: Analysis of the Influence of Adiposity
Fernández-del-Valle, M., Olmedillas, H., de Antuñano, N. P. G., Ribas, A. M., Martínez‐Camblor, P., García‐González, Á., Úbeda, N., & Iglesias‐Gutiérrez, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084493 · Cited by 8
“[22] was used to estimate %BF based on the information obtained from the multifrequency bioimpedance device.”
Method
Fluid-Dependent Single-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Fat Mass Estimates Compared to Digital Imaging and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry
Nescolarde, L., Orlandi, C., Farina, G. L., Gori, N., & Lukaski, H. C. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214638 · Cited by 8
Ring Based Wearable Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer for Body Fat Estimation
Usman, M., Thapa, S., Gupta, A. K., & Xue, W. (2018) · IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT) · doi:10.1109/isspit.2018.8642675 · Cited by 8
“for fat-free mass (FFM) [17].”
An eHealth program versus a standard care supervised health program and associated health outcomes in individuals with mobility disability: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Berglind, D., Nyberg, G., Willmer, M., Persson, M., Wells, M. B., & Forsell, Y. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2646-z · Cited by 9
Clinical Study Protocol
Fortwengel, G. (2003) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000074701 · Cited by 7
Changes in nutritional status and associations with physical and clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia patients during intensive chemotherapy
van Lieshout, R., Tick, L. W., Beckers, E. A. M., Biesbroek, W., Dieleman, J. P., Dijkstra, M., Groenesteijn, W., Koene, H. R., Kranenburg, S., van der Lee, D., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-024-01488-8 · Cited by 6
“FFM was estimated with the raw data obtained from BIA using the formula of Kyle et al. [31].”
Exercise-Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Not Related to Oxidative Damage or Impaired Vascular Function in Amateur Middle-Aged Runners under Controlled Nutritional Intake
Iglesias‐Gutiérrez, E., García‐González, Á., Montero-Bravo, A., González-Medina, A., Joglar, J., Tomás‐Zapico, C., Fernández‐Garcia, B., Fernández‐Sanjurjo, M., de Gonzalo‐Calvo, D., Díaz, Á. E., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093033 · Cited by 7
“[46] was used to estimate percent body fat (%BF) based on the information obtained using a multifrequency bioimpedance system (Total Body Scan, Bio-logic Science Instruments España S.”
MethodResult
Differential effects of lung inflammation on insulin resistance in humans and mice
Karlina, R., Flexeder, C., Musiol, S., Bhattacharyya, M., Schneider, E., Altun, I., Gschwendtner, S., Neumann, A. U., Nano, J., Schloter, M., et al. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15226 · Cited by 6
Orthostatic hypotension is associated with malnutrition diagnosed by GLIM in elderly hypertensive patients
Zhang, Q., Shen, S., Guan, H., Zhang, J., & Chen, X. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03546-x · Cited by 6
“Subsequently, FFMI was calculated as FFM/height2 [23].”
Plant protein, fibre and physical activity solutions to address poor appetite and prevent undernutrition in older adults: study protocol for the APPETITE randomised controlled trial
Horner, K. M., Mullen, B., Quinn, A., Scheufele, P., Gola, S., Gonnelli, F., Bozzato, M., Pratt, J., Sala, W., Mullin, S. M., et al. (2024) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114524002125 · Cited by 7
“Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and fat-free mass will be estimated using validated equations in older adults (69,70) .”
Formulación de una ecuación para predecir la masa grasa corporal a partir de bioimpedanciometría en adultos en un amplio rango de edad e índice de masa corporal
Schifferli, I., Fernando Carrasco, N., & Inostroza, J. (2011) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872011001200002 · Cited by 6
Fat-free mass from two prediction equations for bioelectrical impedance analysis in a large German population compared with values in Swiss and American adults: Reasons for a biadata project
Schulz, H., Teske, D., Penven, D., & Tomczak, J. (2006) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2006.04.007 · Cited by 6
Dudrick Research Symposium 2015—Lean Tissue and Protein in Health and Disease
Earthman, C. P., Wolfe, R. R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2015) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115619599 · Cited by 6
Reliability of body‐weight scalars on the assessment of propofol induction dose in obese patients
Araújo, A., Machado, H. S., Falcão, A. C., et al. (2017) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.13039 · Cited by 6
Body composition in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and 10 patients: Comparative study with control group
Leite, C., Schieferdecker, M. E. M., Frehner, C., Munhoz, R. P., Ashizawa, T., & Teive, H. A. G. (2018) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2018.1469282 · Cited by 7
Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition for the anesthetic induction dose of propofol in older patients
Araújo, A. M., Machado, H. S., Falcão, A. C., et al. (2019) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-019-0856-x · Cited by 6
“[20] was used in adult patients and the equation proposed by Roubenoff et al.”
Method
Wearable ring bioelectrical impedance analyzer for estimation and monitoring of body fat
Usman, M., Gupta, A. K., & Xue, W. (2022) · Smart Health · doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2022.100275 · Cited by 7
Dynapenic abdominal obesity is related to cardiovascular risk in older adults with Parkinson's disease: A cross sectional study
Pereira, J. P. D. C., Gomes, A. C. B., Júnior, J. R. A. D. Q., do Nascimento, T. G., da Luz, M. C. L., Albuquerque, M. N. D. L., & Cabral, P. C. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.003 · Cited by 6
Derivation and validation of a simple anthropometric equation to predict fat-free mass in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Diniz, K. G. D., Vieira, D. A., Colosimo, E. A., Coelho, M. P. P., Bering, T., Teixeira, R., Correia, M. I. T. D., Rocha, G. A., & Silva, L. D. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.011 · Cited by 6
Editorial Comment: Phase angle from bioimpedance measurements as a surrogate of cardiovascular disease
Ward, L. C. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01167-6 · Cited by 7
Body composition in urban South Asian women; development of a bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equation
Waidyatilaka, I., Lanerolle, P., de Lanerolle-Dias, M., Atukorala, S., & de Silva, A. (2013) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.787120 · Cited by 5
“The accuracy of BIA depends on equations to which BIA measures are applied in the prediction of TBW (Kyle et al., 2001).”
Development and cross-validation of predictive equations for fat-free mass estimation by bioelectrical impedance analysis in Brazilian subjects with overweight and obesity
Masset, K. V. D. S. B., Silva, A. M., Ferrari, G., Cabral, B. G. D. A. T., Dantas, P. M. S., & da Costa, R. F. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1499752 · Cited by 5
Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Analysis in Practice: A Review of Validated Prediction Equations for Key Body Composition Parameters
Kampo, D., Závodná, E., & Vondra, V. (. (2025) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.935758 · Cited by 5
“The method typically involves collection of saliva, urine, or blood samples after an equilibration period, followed by analysis using mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy [16,22].”
Alterations in Weight and Body Composition during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment
Bouh, A., Mehdad, S., Boutayeb, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research · doi:10.51847/fygddlr6av · Cited by 5
New Issues in the Management of Osteoporosis
Sirola, J. P., Díaz Curiel, M., Honkanen, R., & Iwamoto, J. (2011) · Journal of Osteoporosis · doi:10.4061/2011/582789 · Cited by 5
Age modifies the association between serum obestatin, appetite and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Katkov, A., Sinuani, I., Azar, A., Shapiro, G., Efrati, S., & Beberashvili, I. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0087-0 · Cited by 5
“[26], standardized by squared height (m(2)), and expressed in kg/m(2) as fat free mass index (FFMI).”
Method
Predicting visceral adipose tissue in older adults: A pilot clinical study
Perna, S., Faragli, A., Spadaccini, D., Peroni, G., Gasparri, C., Al-Mannai, M. A., Casali, P. M., Porta, E. L., Kelle, S., Alogna, A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.008 · Cited by 6
Mediator Effect of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Association between Physical Activity and Lung Function in Adults: Cross-Sectional Results from the Epimov Study
Ostolin, T. L. V. D. P., Gonze, B. D. B., Sperandio, E. F., Arantes, R. L., Romiti, M., & Dourado, V. Z. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159377 · Cited by 7
“We calculated lean and fat body masses based on the regression equation developed for healthy subjects [30].”
Method
Use of handgrip strength measurement as an alternative for assessing chewing function in people with dementia
Jockusch, J., Hahnel, S., & Nitschke, I. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03452-2 · Cited by 5
Comparison of bioimpedance equations and dual-energy X-ray for assessment of fat free mass in a Chinese dialysis population
Dou, Y., Li, A., Liu, G., Wang, P., & Zhang, B. (2023) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2023.2182131 · Cited by 5

Authors: Kyle, U. G., Genton, L., Karsegard, L., Slosman, D. O., & Pichard, C.
Affiliations: University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
ORCID: Genton, Laurence
Pichard, Claude
Venue: Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-03
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 248-253
ISSN: 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00553-0
OpenAlex: W2041793073
Cited by: 575
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 7.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords: bioelectrical impedance analysis, fat-free mass, prediction equations, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, reactance, resistance, body mass index, older adults, overweight, validation, healthy adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance

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Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 20–94 years

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