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Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 20–94 years
Abstract
Existing equations for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are of limited use when subjects age or become overweight because these equations were developed in young, normal-weight subjects and are not valid in elderly or overweight people. The purpose of this study was to validate a single BIA equation in healthy white subjects aged 22--94 y with a body mass index between 17.0 and 33.8 kg/m(2). Healthy subjects (202 men and 141 women) aged 20--94 y were measured by two methods: fat-free mass (FFM) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR-4500) and by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Xitron 4000B). Validity of BIA was assessed by double cross validation. Because correlations were high (r = 0.986--0.987) and prediction errors low, a single equation was developed using all subjects, as follows: FFM = -4.104 + (0.518 x height(2)/resistance) + (0.231 x weight) + (0.130 x reactance) + (4.229 x sex: men = 1, women = 0). FFM predicted with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was 54.0 +/- 10.7 kg. BIA-predicted FFM was 54.0 +/- 10.5 kg (r = 0.986, standard error of the estimate = 1.72 kg, technical error = 1.74 kg). In conclusion, the new Geneva BIA equation was valid for prediction of FFM in healthy adults aged 22--94 y with body mass indexes between 17.0 and 33.8 kg/m(2). Inclusion of reactance in the single prediction equation appeared to be essential for use of BIA equations in populations with large variations in age or body mass.
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“The best BIA equations developed for specific population groups have been properly validated [22-24].”
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“That method has been validated against DXA (Kyle et al., 2001b) but not compared with BMI or nutritional assessment and screening tools.”
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“FFM was calculated as follows (Kyle et al., 2001): FFM1⁄4 4.”
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“Five previously published regression equations for body composition assessment derived from general populations (Segal et al., 1985, 1988; Heitmann, 1990; Piers et al., 2000; Kyle et al., 2001) and three from elderly populations (Deurenberg et al.”
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“(17,18) in model 2 of the association analysis.”
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BackgroundMethodInfluentialBioimpedance analysis is safe in patients with implanted cardiac electronic devices
Chabin, X., Taghli-Lamallem, O., Mulliez, A., Bordachar, P., Jean, F., Futier, E., Massoullié, G., Andonache, M., Souteyrand, G., Ploux, S., et al. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.029 · Cited by 44
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“низкие значения, однако общая разница между величинами данного показателя от юношеского до старческого возраста составляет в среднем всего 4 % [32; 37].”
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“pared to DXA in 343 healthy subjects aged 20–94 [8].”
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“Fat-free mass (FFM, kg) was estimated using multi-frequency bio-electrical impedance analysis (Bodystat Quadscan 4000) and the formula of Kyle [25].”
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“This was done in order to avoid the immediate (1–2 min) effect of the transition from a standing to a supine position on the shifts in body fluids from the extremities to the thorax and to avoid the slow phase of the shifts that continues for up to 3–12 h (Gudivaka et al. 1994; Kushner et al. 1996; Slinde et al. 2003).”
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“FFM was calculated using a previously validated multiple regression BIA equation (16):”
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“, reactance, resistance, and phase angle) are registered and estimates of fat mass and fat-free mass are obtained using the Kyle equation [29].”
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“[20] equation for estimation of FFM (kg) and FM (kg) and index values, FFMI (kg/m2) and FMI (kg/m2), and compared to reference values [21].”
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Body composition in underweight elderly subjects: reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis
Lupoli, L., Sergi, G., Coin, A., Perissinotto, E., Volpato, S., Busetto, L., Inelmen, E. M., & Enzi, G. (2004) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2004.05.005 · Cited by 35
Comparison of fat-free mass index and fat mass index in Chinese adults
Lu, Y., Shu, H., Zheng, Y., Li, C., Liu, M., Chen, Z., & He, X. (2012) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.86 · Cited by 36
Procedimentos clínicos utilizados para análise da composição corporal
Guedes, D. P. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2013v15n1p113 · Cited by 35
Longitudinal study of leptin levels in chronic hemodialysis patients
Beberashvili, I., Sinuani, I., Azar, A., Yasur, H., Feldman, L., Averbukh, Z., & Weissgarten, J. (2011) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-68 · Cited by 36
“FFM was calculated by using the approach of Kyle et al. validated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry on 343 healthy adult subjects [ 29 ]:”
MethodHaß, U., Herpich, C., Kochlik, B., Weber, D., Grune, T., & Norman, K. (2022) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-022-1753-4 · Cited by 36
Hofsteenge, G. H., Chinapaw, M. J. M., & Weijs, P. J. M. (2015) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0476-7 · Cited by 34
“[23] were able to assess FFM in 61-68 % of the obese adolescents within 5 % of the DXA assessment.”
BackgroundLongitudinal study of body composition changes associated with weight change and physical activity
Kyle, U. G., Zhang, F. F., Morabia, A., & Pichard, C. (2006) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2006.08.003 · Cited by 34
Self-citationHayfron-Benjamin, C. F., van den Born, B. H., der Zee, A. H. M., Amoah, A. G. B., Meeks, K. A. C., Klipstein‐Grobusch, K., Bahendeka, S., Spranger, J., Danquah, I., Mockenhaupt, F. P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.016 · Cited by 38
Nutritional assessment and support during continuous renal replacement therapy
Ostermann, M., Lumlertgul, N., & Mehta, R. L. (2021) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/sdi.12973 · Cited by 34
Fluitman, K. S., van den Broek, T. J., Nieuwdorp, M., Visser, M., IJzerman, R. G., & Keijser, B. J. F. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02558-8 · Cited by 34
Resting energy expenditure in head and neck cancer patients before and during radiotherapy
Langius, J. A. E., Kruizenga, H. M., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Langendijk, J. A., Doornaert, P., Leemans, C. R., & Weijs, P. J. M. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2011.12.009 · Cited by 35
Nutritional Assessments by Bioimpedance Technique in Dialysis Patients
Ng, J. K., Lau, S. L.-F., Chan, G. C., Tian, N., & Li, P. K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010015 · Cited by 40
“Some of the commonly employed prediction equations and reference values are summarized in Table 2 and Table S1, respectively [29–33].”
MethodMiller, I. M., Rytgaard, H. C. W., Mogensen, U. B., Miller, E., Ring, H. C., Ellervik, C., & Jemec, G. B. E. (2015) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.13522 · Cited by 34
Zahn, K., Linseisen, J., Heier, M., Peters, A., Thorand, B., Nairz, F., & Meisinger, C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191630 · Cited by 35
NOVEL antioxidant and oxidant biomarkers related to sarcopenia in COPD
Sepúlveda‐Loyola, W., de Castro, L. A., Matsumoto, A. K., Camillo, C. A., Barbosa, D. S., Galvan, C. C. R., & Probst, V. S. (2020) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.06.001 · Cited by 35
The Effect of Exercise Training on Resting Metabolic Rate in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jennings, A., Alberga, A. S., Sigal, R. J., Jay, O., Boulé, N. G., & Kenny, G. P. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31819d6a6f · Cited by 35
Relevance of the new pre-cachexia and cachexia definitions for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Konijn, N. P. C., Bultink, I. E. M., Lems, W. F., Earthman, C. P., & van Tuyl, L. H. D. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.012 · Cited by 31
Impact of body composition changes on risk of all-cause mortality in older adults
Graf, C. E., Herrmann, F. R., Spoerri, A., Makhlouf, A., Sørensen, T. I. A., Ho, S., Karsegard, V. L., & Genton, L. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.003 · Cited by 31
“introduced into the Geneva formula , developed (26) and validated against dual-energy xray 101”
MethodSelf-citationApplication of phase angle for evaluation of the nutrition status of patients with anorexia nervosa
Malecka-Massalska, T. J., Popiołek-Kalisz, J., Teter, M., et al. (2017) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/67500 · Cited by 31
Yang, H., Yan, K., Xu, Y., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., Gong, F., Zhu, H., Xia, W., & Pan, H. (2018) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-18-0711 · Cited by 31
Tsaousi, G. G., Kokkota, S., Papakostas, P., Stavrou, G., Doumaki, E., & Kotzampassi, K. E. (2016) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12491 · Cited by 31
Dicks, L., Jakobs, L., Sari, M., Hambitzer, R., Ludwig, N., Simon, M., Stehle, P., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Helfrich, H., Ahlborn, J., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02674-1 · Cited by 30
Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in elderly nursing home residents
Taşar, P. T., Şahin, S., Karaman, E., Ulusoy, M. G., Duman, S., Berdeli, A., & Akçiçek, F. (2015) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2015.03.002 · Cited by 30
González, M. C., Orlandi, S. P., Santos, L. P., & Barros, A. J. D. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.012 · Cited by 30
Sandall, A. M., Wall, C. L., & Lomer, M. C. E. (2019) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.013 · Cited by 29
Wu, C.-S., Chen, Y.-Y., Chuang, C.-L., Chiang, L.-M., Dwyer, G. B., Hsu, Y., Huang, A.-C., Lai, C.-L., & Hsieh, K.-C. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0041-0 · Cited by 29
“If the FFM predictive models were proved to be similar to each other by comparing the correlation and standard error of the estimate (SEE) [11], the two samples were combined to develop a pooled FFM predictive model [22, 23].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKim, S.-K., Kwon, Y.-H., Cho, J. H., Lee, W., Park, S. E., Oh, H.-G., Park, C., Lee, W., Oh, K.-W., Park, S.-W., et al. (2017) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2017.32.4.442 · Cited by 29
Rynarzewski, J., Dicks, L., Zimmermann, B. F., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Ludwig, N., Helfrich, H., & Ellinger, S. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11020417 · Cited by 29
Sanchez, F. F., Faganello, M. M., Tanni, S. É., Lucheta, P. A., Pelegrino, N. G., Hasegawa, S., Ribeiro, S. M., & Godoy, I. (2011) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500024 · Cited by 27
Meireles, M. S., Wazlawik, E., Bastos, J. L., & Garcia, M. F. (2012) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.005 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Kyle, U. G., Genton, L., Karsegard, L., Slosman, D. O., & Pichard, C.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 248-253
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041793073
- Cited by
- 575
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 7.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- bioelectrical impedance analysis, fat-free mass, prediction equations, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, reactance, resistance, body mass index, older adults, overweight, validation, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance
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