Cognitive approach to depression and suicidal thinking in psychosis: I. Ontogeny of post-psychotic depression
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BACKGROUND: Depression in schizophrenia is a rather neglected field of study, perhaps because of its confused nosological status. Three course patterns of depression in schizophrenia, including post-psychotic depression (PPD), are proposed. AIMS: We chart the ontogeny of depression and psychotic symptoms from the acute psychotic episode over a 12-month period and test the validity of the proposed course patterns. METHOD: One hundred and five patients with ICD-10 schizophrenia were followed up on five occasions over 12 months following the acute episode, taking measures of depression, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neuroleptic exposure and side-effects. RESULTS: Depression accompanied acute psychosis in 70% of cases and remitted in line with the psychosis; 36% developed PPD without a concomitant increase in psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results provided support for the validity of two of the three course patterns of depression in schizophrenia, including PPD. Post-psychotic depression occurs de novo without concomitant change in positive or negative symptoms.
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The experience of psychosis is associated with increased levels of depression.
“The experience of psychosis is associated with increased levels of depression (Birchwood et al., 2000).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depression following psychosis: An examination of clinically significant change (2015) · cites this paper as Birchwood et al., 2000
Clinically significant changes in depression can occur in the context of psychosis in the absence of marked changes in positive and negative symptoms.
“The finding that clinically significant changes in depression can occur in the context of psychosis in the absence of marked changes in positive and negative symptoms is consistent with previous research evidence suggesting that 'post-psychotic' depression emerges independently of positive symptom severity, relapse and negative symptoms (Birchwood et al., 2000; Iqbal et al., 2000).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depression following psychosis: An examination of clinically significant change (2015) · cites this paper as Birchwood et al., 2000
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Depression and Depressive Symptoms in First Episode Psychosis
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Early intervention in psychotic relapse.
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Schizophrenia and Depression Co-Morbidity: What We have Learned from Animal Models
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Depressive symptoms in first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder
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Long- and Short-Term Risk Factors in the Prediction of Inpatient Suicide
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The Trauma of First Episode Psychosis: The Role of Cognitive Mediation
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A symptom network structure of the psychosis spectrum
van Rooijen, G., Isvoranu, A., Meijer, C. J., van Borkulo, C. D., Ruhé, H. G., & de Haan, L. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.02.018 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Depression in first episode psychosis: The role of subordination and shame
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Sandhu, A., Ives, J., Birchwood, M. J., & Upthegrove, R. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.018 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Early Intervention in Psychosis
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Social anxiety disorder and shame cognitions in psychosis
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Augmentation with antidepressants in schizophrenia treatment: benefit or risk
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Depression, suicidal behavior and insight in adolescents with schizophrenia
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What do psychotic experiences mean for young men? A qualitative investigation
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Posttraumatic reactions to psychosis: a qualitative analysis.
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Mourning, insight, and reduction of suicide risk in schizophrenia
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Factors influencing compulsory admission in first-admitted subjects with psychosis
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- Authors
- Birchwood, M., Iqbal, Z., Chadwick, P., & Trower, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 516-521
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2125308310
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, course of depression, cognitive approach, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, antipsychotic adverse effects
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenic Psychology, Suicide, Thinking, Disease Progression
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