Associations between 24 hour movement behaviours and global cognition in US children: a cross-sectional observational study

Walsh, Jeremy J; Barnes, Joel D; Cameron, Jameason D; Goldfield, Gary S; Chaput, Jean-Philippe; Gunnell, Katie E; Ledoux, Andrée-Anne; Zemek, Roger L; Tremblay, Mark S

doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30278-5

Cited by 264Physical Activity and HealthSleep and related disordersChildren's Physical and Motor Development

Associations between 24 hour movement behaviours and global cognition in US children: a cross-sectional observational study

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Walsh, Jeremy J, Barnes, Joel D, Cameron, Jameason D, Goldfield, Gary S, Chaput, Jean-Philippe, Gunnell, Katie E, Ledoux, Andrée-Anne, Zemek, Roger L +1 more·2018·The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

DOI 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30278-5PMC PMC6298223

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Abstract

Background Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for brain development, and the behaviours during a typical 24 h period contribute to cognitive performance. The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend at least 60 min physical activity per day, 2 h or less recreational screen time per day, and 9-11 h sleep per night in children aged 8-11 years. We investigated the relationship between adherence to these recommendations and global cognition.Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we obtained data from the first annual curated release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, a 10-year longitudinal, observational study. Data were collected from 21 study sites across the USA between Sept 1, 2016, and Sept 15, 2017. The participants were 4524 US children aged 8-11 years from 20 study sites. Exposures of interest were adherence to the physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration guideline recommendations. The primary outcome was global cognition, assessed with the NIH Toolbox (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), which we analysed with multivariable linear mixed-effects models to examine the relations with movement behaviour variables.Findings Complete movement behaviour data were available for 4520 participants. The mean number of guideline recommendations met was 1·1 (SD 0·9). Overall, 2303 (51%) participants met the sleep recommendation, 1655 (37%) met screen time, and 793 (18%) met the physical activity recommendation. 3190 (71%) participants met at least one recommendation, whereas 216 (5%) of participants met all three recommendations. Global cognition was positively associated with each additional recommendation met (β=1·44, 95% CI 0·82-2·07, p<0·0001). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, associations with superior global cognition were found in participants who met all three recommendations (β=3·89, 95% CI 1·43 to 6·34, p=0·0019), the screen time recommendation only (β=4·25, 2·50-6·01, p<0·0001), and both the screen time and the sleep recommendations (β=5·15, 3·56-6·74, p<0·0001).Interpretation Meeting the 24 h movement recommendations was associated with superior global cognition. These findings highlight the importance of limiting recreational screen time and encouraging healthy sleep to improve cognition in children.Funding National Institutes of Health.

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Less screen time as well as good eating and sleeping habits have been shown to be associated with better cognitive control and academic performance.
“less screen time as well as good eating and sleeping habits have been shown to be associated with better cognitive control and academic performance [5,6].”
From Lifestyle Habits Predict Academic Performance in High School Students: The Adolescent Student Academic Performance Longitudinal Study (ASAP) (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
The Conclusion reports that meeting the screen-time and sleep recommendations was associated with better global cognition in US children. The Discussion also describes evidence linking screen use with attention, impulse control, and academic performance. However, this study did not assess eating habits or directly measure academic performance, so it does not support the full combination of habits and outcomes claimed. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The prevalence of children and adolescents from different countries who meet all three recommendations in the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines varies between 3% and 10%.
“the prevalence of children and adolescents from different countries around the world who meet all three recommendations contained within the guidelines varies between 3 to 10% [18–23].”
From Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their associations with depressive symptoms and other mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Meeting all three recommendations was associated with superior global cognition compared with meeting none.
“1/1 study found that meeting all three recommendations was associated with superior global cognition compared with meeting none.”
From Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their associations with depressive symptoms and other mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Three studies found that meeting the screen time recommendation or the screen time plus sleep duration recommendations could have more benefits to mental health.
“three studies found that meeting the screen time recommendation or the screen time + sleep duration recommendations could have more benefits to mental health [20, 36, 38].”
From Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their associations with depressive symptoms and other mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Meeting the screen time recommendation alone, and both the screen time and sleep duration recommendations, were consistently associated with better cognitive functions, impulsivity scores and HRQoL.
“3/10 studies found that meeting the screen time recommendation alone, and both the screen time and sleep duration recommendations, were consistently associated with better cognitive functions, impulsivity scores and HRQoL [20, 36, 38].”
From Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their associations with depressive symptoms and other mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [20]

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Arancibia, J. E. O. (2025) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)

Authors: Walsh, J. J., Barnes, J. D., Cameron, J. D., Goldfield, G. S., Chaput, J.-P., Gunnell, K. E., Ledoux, A.-A., Zemek, R. L., & Tremblay, M. S.
Affiliations: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
University of Ottawa (CA)
Carleton University (CA)
Corresponding author: Walsh, Jeremy J
ORCID: Walsh, Jeremy J
Barnes, Joel D
Cameron, Jameason D
Goldfield, Gary S
Chaput, Jean-Philippe
Gunnell, Katie E
Ledoux, Andrée-Anne
Zemek, Roger L
Tremblay, Mark S
Venue: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-11
Volume: 2
Issue: 11
Pages: 783-791
ISSN: 2352-4642 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30278-5
PMC: PMC6298223
OpenAlex: W2893964406
Cited by: 264
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 16.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: US National Institutes of Health and federal partners (U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
Keywords: 24-hour movement behaviours, global cognition, children, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, guideline adherence, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, NIH Toolbox, brain development, cognitive performance, sedentary behavior, sleep deprivation, physical inactivity, screen time limits
MeSH terms: Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sleep, United States, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior

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Associations between 24 hour movement behaviours and global cognition in US children: a cross-sectional observational study

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