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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology: A Practical Guide
Abstract
This book discusses the most important techniques available for longitudinal data analysis, from simple techniques such as the paired t-test and summary statistics, to more sophisticated ones such as generalized estimating of equations and mixed model analysis. A distinction is made between longitudinal analysis with continuous, dichotomous and categorical outcome variables. The emphasis of the discussion lies in the interpretation and comparison of the results of the different techniques. The second edition includes new chapters on the role of the time variable and presents new features of longitudinal data analysis. Explanations have been clarified where necessary and several chapters have been completely rewritten. The analysis of data from experimental studies and the problem of missing data in longitudinal studies are discussed. Finally, an extensive overview and comparison of different software packages is provided. This practical guide is essential for non-statisticians and researchers working with longitudinal data from epidemiological and clinical studies.
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“Post-hoc power calculations based on the inclusion rates of this study with three time points indicated that differences of medium size (d = .59) between study groups over time at a significance level of p = .05 with a power of .80 (Twisk, 2013) could be detected.”
From Online psychosocial group intervention for parents: Positive effects on anxiety and depression. (2021) · cites this paper as Twisk, 2013
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“…intake at baseline and DMFT levels over 11 y. Linear mixed effects models use all available data over the follow-up, handle unequally spaced observations over time, and take into account the fact that repeated measures on the same individual are correlated (Singer and Willett 2003; Twisk 2013).”
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“Second, there are usually two methods available to estimate the parameters of the model, namely the restricted maximum likelihood method or the full maximum likelihood method.(17,63) If both fixed and randomeffect factors are to be modelled, the maximum likelihood method should be used and is also necessary if the int…”
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“Anyway, it is generally assumed that GEE analysis is quite robust against wrong choice of correlation structures (Twisk 2003).”
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Self-citationSports participation and psychosocial health: a longitudinal observational study in children
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“Compared to a cross-sectional study, a longitudinal study has the advantage of relating the individual development of a certain outcome variable over time to the individual development of, or changes in, other variables (Twisk, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGorter, R., Fox, J., & Twisk, J. W. R. (2015) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-015-0050-x · Cited by 83
Self-citationAdaptive Response of Children and Adolescents with Autism to the 2009 Earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy
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“We tested the model using independent, unstructured and exchangeable correlation structures; an independent correlation structure was used in the final model as this gave the most conservative estimates (Twisk, 2013).”
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“Thirdly, the effectiveness of the intervention on all outcomes was evaluated between the two groups using GEE (Zeger et al., 1988; Twisk, 1997; 2013).”
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Shift Work and Respiratory Infections in Health-Care Workers
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Quality of postoperative pain management in Ethiopia: A prospective longitudinal study
Eshete, M. T., Baeumler, P. I., Siebeck, M., Tesfaye, M., Haileamlak, A., Michael, G. G., Ayele, Y., & Irnich, D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215563 · Cited by 62
Educational inequalities in health after work exit: the role of work characteristics
de Breij, S., Qvist, J. Y., Holman, D., Mäcken, J., Seitsamo, J. T., Huisman, M. A., & Deeg, D. J. H. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7872-0 · Cited by 60
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“Analyses were performed using an unstructured covariance matrix, as that model showed the best fit based on the smallest -2 log likelihood value (Twisk 2013).”
MethodCardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognition: Longitudinal Associations in the FINGER Study
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“The calculation procedure followed the sample size estimation for a 2-tailed, 2-samples mean difference with a correction factor for repeated measures [63].”
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Association between depression, anxiety and weight change in young adults
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Intention-to-treat analysis when only a baseline value is available
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Metadata
- Authors
- Twisk, J. W. R.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Twisk, Jos W. R.
- ORCID
- Twisk, Jos W. R.
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2013-05-05
- OpenAlex
- W4251962509
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 6.66
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- longitudinal analysis, generalized estimating equations, mixed models, paired t-test, summary statistics, time variable, experimental study, missing data, statistical software comparison, epidemiology
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