Cited by 146Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus

Cerebrospinal fluid VILIP-1 and YKL-40, candidate biomarkers to diagnose, predict and monitor Alzheimer’s disease in a memory clinic cohort

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Kester, Maartje I., Teunissen, Charlotte E., Sutphen, Courtney, Herries, Elizabeth M., Ladenson, Jack H., Xiong, Chengjie, Scheltens, Philip, van der Flier, Wiesje M. +3 more·2015·Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Abstract

Introduction: We examined the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL-40), a putative marker of inflammation, and Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), a marker for neuronal injury, for diagnostic classification and monitoring of disease progression in a memory clinic cohort. Methods: CSF levels of YKL-40 and VILIP-1 were measured in 37 cognitively normal, 61 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 65 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients from the memory clinic-based Amsterdam Dementia Cohort who underwent two lumbar punctures, with minimum interval of 6 months and a mean(SE) interval of 2.0(0.1) years. Mean(SE) cognitive follow-up was 3.8 (0.2) years. ANOVA was used to compare baseline differences of log-transformed CSF measures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate disease progression as a function of CSF tertiles. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate longitudinal change over time. All analyses were sex and age adjusted. Results: Baseline levels of YKL-40, but not VILIP-1, were higher in MCI and AD patients compared to cognitively normal individuals (mean (SE) pg/mL, 304 (16) and 288 (12) vs. 231 (16), p = 0.03 and p = 0.006). Baseline levels of both YKL-40 and VILIP-1 in MCI predicted progression to AD (HR 95 % CI = 3.0 (1.1–7.9) and 4.4 (1.5–13.0), respectively, for highest vs. lowest tertile). YKL-40 increased longitudinally in patients with MCI and AD (mean (SE) pg/mL per year, 8.9 (3.0) and 7.1 (3.1), respectively), but not in cognitively normal individuals, whereas levels of VILIP-1 increased only in MCI (mean (SE), 10.7 (2.6) pg/mL per year). Conclusions: CSF levels of YKL-40 may have utility for discriminating between cognitively normal individuals and patients with MCI or AD. Increased levels of both YKL-40 and VILIP-1 may be associated with disease progression. These CSF biomarkers should be considered for future evaluation in the characterization of the natural history of AD.

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Authors
Kester, M. I., Teunissen, C. E., Sutphen, C., Herries, E. M., Ladenson, J. H., Xiong, C., Scheltens, P., van der Flier, W. M., Morris, J. C., Holtzman, D. M., & Fagan, A. M.
Affiliations
  • Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Kester, Maartje I.
Venue
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
Published
2015-09-17
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
59-59
ISSN
1758-9193 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1931861387
Cited by
146
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11
FWCI
10.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alzheimer s Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Stichting Dioraphte
  • Alzheimer Nederland
  • National Institute on Aging (P50AG005681, P01AG003991, U19AG032438, P01AG026276)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, VILIP-1, YKL-40, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, mild cognitive impairment, disease progression, neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, dementia diagnosis, longitudinal biomarker changes, memory clinic patients, cognitive decline prediction, disease surveillance
MeSH terms
Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Spinal Puncture, Biomarkers, Linear Models, Proportional Hazards Models, Disease Progression, Lectins, Neurocalcin, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Adipokines, Cognitive Dysfunction

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