Hyperactive Night and Day? Actigraphy Studies in Adult ADHD: a Baseline Comparison and the Effect of Methylphenidate
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate parameters of sleep, activity, and circadian rhythm, as well as the effects of methylphenidate on these variables, in adults with ADHD. DESIGN: 1) Baseline group comparison; 2) Double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over medication trial. SETTING: Data collection took place during daily lives of participants. PARTICIPANTS: 39 normal controls and 33 adults with ADHD for baseline comparisons; 31 adults with ADHD in medication trial. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with placebo and methylphenidate during medication trial. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Actigraphy and sleep log data were collected for 7 consecutive nights and days to obtain baseline values for ADHD and normal controls. Repeated measurements during placebo and methylphenidate treatment were conducted for the ADHD group. Actigraphic sleep estimates showed that ADHD subjects took longer to fall asleep, had lower sleep efficiency, and had shorter within-night periods of uninterrupted sleep. These findings were consistent with subjective complaints. Actigraphic measures of ADHD subjects showed continuously elevated daytime activity levels, resulting in a 24-hour pattern that was more stable and less variable than in controls. Methylphenidate led to a later bedtime, later sleep onset, and reduction in sleep duration. However, number and total duration of nocturnal awakenings decreased, while mean duration of within-night periods of uninterrupted sleep increased, indicating more consolidated sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that sleep problems are inherent in adults with ADHD and that methylphenidate reduced total sleep time but improved sleep quality by consolidating sleep.
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Methylphenidate treatment is associated with later bed times and greater sleep latency in adults with ADHD.
“methylphenidate treatment was associated with later bed times and greater sleep latency.”
From A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Boonstra et al. (2007)
In clinical trials using objective sleep measures, immediate-release methylphenidate has been reported to increase sleep onset latency and/or to decrease total sleep time in patients with ADHD.
“immediate-release methylphenidate has been reported to increase sleep onset latency and/or to decrease total sleep time in patients with ADHD (Boonstra et al. 2007; Galland et al. 2010; Greenhill et al. 1983; Sangal et al. 2006)”
From Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment (2015) · cites this paper as Boonstra et al. 2007
In clinical trials using objective sleep measures, immediate-release methylphenidate has been reported to leave sleep quality either unaffected or improved in patients with ADHD.
“with sleep quality either unaffected (Galland et al. 2010) or improved (Boonstra et al. 2007; Sobanski et al. 2008)”
From Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment (2015) · cites this paper as Boonstra et al. 2007
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- Authors
- Boonstra, A. M., Kooij, J. J. S., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Van Someren, E. J. W.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Parnassia Groep (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Boonstra, A. Marije
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 433-442
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W2128574876
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
- Hersenstichting
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, methylphenidate, sleep disorders, circadian rhythm, sleep efficiency, sleep consolidation, nocturnal awakenings, diurnal activity, actigraphy, sleep onset, bedtime
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Circadian Rhythm, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Wake Disorders, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Cross-Over Studies
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