The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Growth and Development of Experimental Research in Political Science
Abstract
Although political scientists have long expressed skepticism about the prospects for experimental science, an analysis of the first hundred volumes of the American Political Science Review reveals that randomized experiments have grown in impact and prominence. We document how thinking about experimentation has evolved over the century, and demonstrate the growing influence of laboratory, survey, and field experiments. A number of experiments have transformed how political scientists think about causal relationships in specific substantive areas. There are limits to the kinds of questions that experiments can address, but experiments have made important contributions in an array of political science subfields.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies
Inglehart, R. (1971) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1953494 · Cited by 1,736
Cross-cutting Social Networks: Testing Democratic Theory in Practice
MUTZ, D. C. (2002) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055402004264 · Cited by 1,069
Voting May Be Habit‐Forming: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Gerber, A. S., Green, D. P., & Shachar, R. (2003) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/1540-5907.00038 · Cited by 717
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 39
- Green Donald P .1992.“The Price Elasticity of Mass Preferences.”American Political Science Review 86 (March):128–48. · DOI
- Nelson Thomas E. , Rosalee A. Clawson , and Zoe M. Oxley .1997.“Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance.”American Political Science Review 91 (September):567–83. · DOI · Paper page
- Gerber Alan S. , and Donald P. Green .2005.“Correction to Gerber and Green (2000), Replication of Disputed Findings, and Reply to Imai (2005).”American Political Science Review 99 (June):301–313. · DOI
- Sniderman Paul M. , Richard A. Brody , and Philip E. Tetlock .1991.Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. · DOI · Paper page
- Bartels Larry M .1993.“Messages Received.”American Political Science Review 87 (June):267–85. · DOI · Paper page
- Tetlock Philip E. , and Richard Ned Lebow .2001.“Pocking Counterfactual Holes in Covering Laws.”American Political Science Review 95 (December):829–43. · DOI · Paper page
- Eldersveld Samuel J .1956.“Experimental Propaganda Techniques and Voting Behavior.”American Political Science Review 50 (March):154–65. · DOI · Paper page
- Campbell Donald T .1969.“Reforms as Experiments.”American Psychologist 24 (4):409–29. · DOI · Paper page
- Gerber Alan S. , and Donald P. Green .2000.“The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout.”American Political Science Review 94 (September):653–63. · DOI · Paper page
- Sniderman Paul M. , and Douglas B. Grob .1996.“Innovations in Experimental Design in Attitude Surveys.”Annual Review of Sociology 22:377–99. · DOI · Paper page
- Sniderman Paul M. , Look Hagendoorn , and Markus Prior .2004.“Predispositional Factors and Situational Triggers.”American Political Science Review 98 (February):35–50. · DOI · Paper page
- Cover Albert D. , and Bruce S. Brumberg .1982.“Baby Books and Ballots.”American Political Science Review 76 (June):347–59. · doi:10.2307/1961114
- Druckman James N .2004.“Political Preference Formation.”American Political Science Review 98 (November):671–86. · DOI · Paper page
- Mahoney Robert , and Daniel Druckman .1975.“Simulation, Experimentation, and Context.”Simulation & Games 6 (September):235–70. · DOI
- Ansolabehere Stephen , Shanto Iyengar , Adam Simon , and Nicholas Valentino .1994.“Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate?”American Political Science Review 88 (December):829–38. · DOI · Paper page
- Inglehart Ronald .1990.Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society.Princeton NJ:Princeton University Press. · DOI · Paper page
- Fiorina Morris P. , and Charles R. Plott .1978.“Committee Decisions under Majority Rule.”American Political Science Review 72 (June):575–98. · DOI · Paper page
- Druckman James N. , and Joanne M. Miller .2004.“The Political Psychology of Electoral Campaigns.”Political Psychology 25 (4):501–506. · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00383.x
- McDermott Rose .2002.“Experimental Methods in Political Science.”Annual Review of Political Science 5:31–61. · DOI · Paper page
- Fréchette Guillaume , John H. Kagel , and Steven F. Lehrer .2003.“Bargaining in Legislatures.”American Political Science Review 97 (June):221–32. · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000637
- Lau Richard R. , and David P. Redlawsk .1997.“Voting Correctly.”American Political Science Review 91 (September):585–98. · DOI · Paper page
- Iyengar Shanto , Mark D. Peters , and Donald R. Kinder .1982.“Experimental Demonstrations of the ‘Not-So-Minimal’ Consequences of Television News Programs.American Political Science Review 76 (December):848–58. · DOI · Paper page
- Quattrone George A. , and Amos Tversky .1988.“Contrasting Rational and Psychological Analyses of Political Choice.”American Political Science Review 82 (September):719–36. · DOI · Paper page
- Sniderman Paul M .1995.“Evaluation Standards for a Slow-Moving Science.”PS: Political Science and Politics 28 (September):464–67. · doi:10.2307/420307
- McGraw Kathleen M. , and Valerie Hoekstra .1994.“Experimentation in Political Science.”Research in Micropolitics 3:3–29.
- Lodge Milton , Kathleen M. McGraw , and Patrick Stroh .1989.“An Impression-driven Model of Candidate Evaluation.”American Political Science Review 83 (June):399–419. · DOI · Paper page
- Inglehart Ronald .1977.The Silent Revolution: Changing.Princeton NJ:Princeton University Press.
- Morton Rebecca B. , and Kenneth C. Williams .2006.“Experimentation in Political Science.”In The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology,ed. Janet Box-Steffensmeier , David Collier , and Henry Brady .Oxford:Oxford University Press.
- Clarke Harold D. , Allan Kornberg , Chris McIntyre , Petra Bauer-Kaase , and Max Kaase .1999.“The Effect of Economic Priorities on the Measurement of Value Change.”American Political Science Review 93 (September):637–47. · DOI · Paper page
- Ostrom Elinor , James Walker , and Roy Gardner .1992.“Covenants with and Without a Sword.”American Political Science Review 86 (June):404–17. · DOI · Paper page
- Hermann Charles F. , and Margaret G. Hermann .1967.“An Attempt to Simulate the Outbreak of World War I.”American Political Science Review 61 (June):400–16. · DOI
- Nickerson David W. 2006.“Measuring Interpersonal Influence.”Doctoral thesis,Department of Political Science, Yale University.
- Roth Alvin E. 1995.“Introduction to Experimental Economics.”In The Handbook of Experimental Economics,ed. John H. Kagel and Alvin E. Roth .Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.
- Morton Rebecca B .1993.“Incomplete Information and Ideological Explanations of Platform Divergence.”American Political Science Review 87 (June):382–92. · DOI
- Druckman James N. , and Arthur Lupia .2006.“Mind, Will, and Choice.”In Charles Tilly and Robert E. Goodin , (eds.).The Oxford Handbook on Contextual Political Analysis.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
- Lowell A. Lawrence .1910.“The Physiology of Politics.”American Political Science Review 4 (February):1–15. · doi:10.2307/1944407
- Gilens Martin .1996.“‘Race Coding’ and White Opposition to Welfare.”American Political Science Review 90 (September):593–604. · DOI · Paper page
- Lodge Milton , Marco R. Steenbergen , and Shawn Brau .1995.“The Responsive Voter.”American Political Science Review 89 (June):309–26. · DOI · Paper page
- Lasswell Harold D .1951.“The Immediate Future of Research Policy and Method in Political Science.”American Political Science Review 45 (March):133–42. · doi:10.2307/1950887
Cited by
Measuring Subgroup Preferences in Conjoint Experiments
Leeper, T. J., Hobolt, S. B., & Tilley, J. (2020) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1017/pan.2019.30 · Cited by 846
Are Survey Experiments Externally Valid?
BARABAS, J., & JERIT, J. (2010) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055410000092 · Cited by 481
Students as Experimental Participants: A Defense of the “Narrow Data Base”
Druckman, J. N., & Kam, C. D. (2011) · Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511921452.004 · Cited by 454
Self-citationGeneralizability of heterogeneous treatment effect estimates across samples
Coppock, A., Leeper, T. J., & Mullinix, K. J. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1808083115 · Cited by 445
Swedberg, R. (2020) · The Production of Knowledge · doi:10.1017/9781108762519.002 · Cited by 293
Metadata
- Authors
- DRUCKMAN, J. N., GREEN, D. P., KUKLINSKI, J. H., & LUPIA, A.
- Venue
- American Political Science Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 627-635
- ISSN
- 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5943
- OpenAlex
- W2156622618
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 51.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Growth and Development of Experimental Research in Political Science. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0003055406062514
- The paper
- DRUCKMAN, J. N., GREEN, D. P., KUKLINSKI, J. H., & LUPIA, A. (2006). The Growth and Development of Experimental Research in Political Science. American Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055406062514
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.