Does Electoral Competition Exacerbate Interethnic or Interpartisan Economic Discrimination? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Market Price Bargaining
Abstract
Does political competition exacerbate economic discrimination between citizens on ethnic or partisan cleavages? Individuals often discriminate on group lines in ordinary economic activities, especially in low-income settings. Political competition, and thus mobilization of partisan and ethnic groups, waxes and wanes over the electoral cycle. This study therefore investigates discrimination over the electoral cycle in a commonplace yet consequential economic activity: market price bargaining. By conducting field experiments on taxi fare bargaining at three points in time around Ghana’s 2008 election, the research reveals that drivers accept lower prices from coethnics regardless of temporal proximity to the election. However, only at election time , drivers accept lower prices from copartisans and demand higher prices from noncopartisans. In sum, political competition affects commonplace economic transactions between citizens on the partisan cleavage. This study is the first to show evidence of interpartisan discrimination in everyday behavior and expands our knowledge of electoral cycle effects.
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Noncoethnic counter-partisans pay 16% more and noncoethnic copartisans 6% more in taxi fares than coethnic copartisans.
“Specifically, noncoethnic counter-partisans pay 16% more and noncoethnic copartisans 6% more in taxi fares than coethnic copartisans, suggesting an interaction between ethnicity and partisanship.”
From The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States (2019) · cites this paper as Michelitch's (2015)
Ghanaian taxi drivers accept lower prices from copartisans and demand higher prices from counter-partisans.
“Michelitch's (2015) pioneering work in this area found that Ghanaian taxi drivers accept lower prices from copartisans and demand higher prices from counter-partisans.”
From The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States (2019) · cites this paper as Michelitch's (2015)
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- Authors
- MICHELITCH, K.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- MICHELITCH, KRISTIN
- ORCID
- MICHELITCH, KRISTIN
- Venue
- American Political Science Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-61
- ISSN
- 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5943
- OpenAlex
- W2112461603
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 49.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- economic discrimination, electoral competition, price negotiation, ethnic divisions
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