An Asymmetrical “President-in-Power” Effect
Abstract
When political polarization is high, it may be assumed that citizens will trust the government more when the chief executive shares their own political views. However, evidence is accumulating that important asymmetries may exist between liberals and conservatives (or Democrats and Republicans). We hypothesized that an asymmetry may exist when it comes to individuals’ willingness to trust the government when it is led by the “other side.” In an extensive analysis of several major datasets (including ANES and GSS) over a period of five decades, we find that in the United States, conservatives trust the government more than liberals when the president in office shares their own ideology. Furthermore, liberals are more willing to grant legitimacy to democratic governments led by conservatives than vice versa. A similar asymmetry applies to Republicans compared with Democrats. We discuss implications of this asymmetrical “president-in-power” effect for democratic functioning.
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The asymmetry in system justification can have consequences for affective polarization, including stronger preferences for incumbent candidates and chief executives from one's own party (the 'President-in-power' effect) on the part of conservative versus liberal voters.
“This asymmetry can have consequences for affective polarization, including stronger preferences for incumbent candidates and chief executives from one’s own party (the ‘President-in-power’ effect) on the part of conservative (versus liberal) voters161,162.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [161]
Self-identified conservatives are more likely than liberals to exhibit the 'President-in-power' effect, that is, to trust the government more when their own party holds the White House.
“self-identified conservatives are more likely than liberals to exhibit the aforementioned ‘President-in-power’ effect; that is, to trust the government more when their own party (versus the other party) holds the White House161,186,187.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [161]
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- Authors
- MORISI, D., JOST, J. T., & SINGH, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- MORISI, DAVIDE
- JOST, JOHN T.
- SINGH, VISHAL
- Venue
- American Political Science Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2018-12-27
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 614-620
- ISSN
- 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5943
- OpenAlex
- W2908042911
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 28.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › American Constitutional Law and Politics
- Keywords
- political polarization, public trust in government, liberals and conservatives, Democrats and Republicans, political asymmetry, democratic legitimacy, democratic functioning, chief executive
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