Genetic analyses of DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal in adult twins
Open accessAbstract
Background. We examined whether there are genetic influences on nicotine withdrawal, and whether there are genetic factors specific to nicotine withdrawal, after controlling for factors responsible for risk of progression beyond experimentation with cigarettes and for quantity smoked (average number of cigarettes per day at peak lifetime use). Method. Epidemiologic and genetic analyses were conducted using telephone diagnostic interview data from young adult Australian twins reporting any cigarette use (3026 women, 2553 men; mean age 30 years). Results. Genetic analysis of the eight symptoms of DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal suggests heritability is intermediate for most symptoms (26–43%), and similar in men and women. The exceptions were depressed mood upon withdrawal, which had stronger additive genetic influences in men (53%) compared to women (29%), and decreased heart rate, which had low heritability (9%). Although prevalence rates were substantially lower for DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal syndrome (15·9%), which requires impairment, than for the DSM-IV nicotine dependence withdrawal criterion (43·6%), heritability was similar for both measures: as high as 47%. Genetic modeling of smoking more than 1 or 2 cigarettes lifetime (‘progression’), quantity smoked and nicotine withdrawal found significant genetic overlap across all three components of nicotine use/dependence (genetic correlations=0·53–0·76). Controlling for factors associated with risk of cigarette smoking beyond experimentation and quantity smoked, evidence for genetic influences specific to nicotine withdrawal (up to 23% of total variance) remained. Conclusions. Our results suggest that at least some individuals become ‘hooked’ or progress in the smoking habit, in part, because of a vulnerability to nicotine withdrawal.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Genetic factors may explain 29-53% of the variance in withdrawal symptoms and about half of the variance in quitting success.
“Genetic factors may also account for 29–53 % of the variance in withdrawal symptoms and approximately 50 % of the variance in quitting success (Xian et al. 2003, 2005; Pergadia et al. 2006).”
From Nicotine Withdrawal (2015) · cites this paper as Pergadia et al. 2006
The Abstract reports 29% and 53% heritability for depressed mood during withdrawal in women and men, respectively, but gives 26–43% for most other symptoms and 9% for decreased heart rate. The paper does not report that genetic factors explain approximately 50% of variance in quitting success; its Introduction discusses cessation failure without that estimate. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Bucholz, K. K., Cadoret, R. J., Cloninger, C. R., Dinwiddie, S. H., HESSELBROCK, V. M., Nürnberger, J. I., Reich, T., Schmidt, I., & Schuckit, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1994.55.149 · Cited by 1,758 · see citing works
Signs and Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal
Hughes, J. R. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013 · Cited by 1,669 · see citing works
Alcohol dependence: Provisional description of a clinical syndrome
Edwards, G., & Gross, M. M. (1976) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6017.1058 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale: A multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence
Shiffman, S. S., Waters, A. J., & Hickcox, M. (2004) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/1462220042000202481 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Li, M. D., Cheng, R., Ma, J. Z., & Swan, G. E. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00295.x · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Model-fitting approaches to the analysis of human behaviour
Eaves, L. J., Last, K. A., Young, P. A., & Martin, N. G. (1978) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/hdy.1978.101 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationCommon Genetic Vulnerability for Nicotine and Alcohol Dependence in Men
True, W. R., Xian, H., Scherrer, J. F., Madden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Heath, A. C., Eisen, S. A., Lyons, M. J., Goldberg, J., & Tsuang, M. T. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.655 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Self-citationA population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence
Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., Sullivan, P. F., Corey, L. A., GARDNER, C. O., & Prescott, C. A. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798008022 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
A day at a time: Predicting smoking lapse from daily urge.
Shiffman, S. M., Engberg, J., Paty, J. A., Perz, W. G., Gnys, M., Kassel, J. D., & Hickcox, M. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.1.104 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Severity of withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of outcome of an attempt to quit smoking
West, R. J., Hajek, P., & Belcher, M. (1989) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700005705 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
MAES, H. H. M., Sullivan, P. F., Bulik, C. M., Neale, M. C., Prescott, C. A., Eaves, L. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002405 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Breslau, N., Kilbey, M. M., & Andreski, P. M. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.4.464 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The Genetics of Smoking Initiation and Quantity Smoked in Dutch Adolescent and Young Adult Twins
Koopmans, J. R., Slutske, W., Heath, A., Neale, M., & Boomsma, D. (1999) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1021618719735 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationThe CIDI-Core Substance Abuse and Dependence Questions: Cross-cultural and Nosological Issues
Cottler, L. B., Robins, L. N., Grant, B. F., BLAINE, J. D., Towle, L. H., Wïttchen, H., Sartorius, N., & Trial, P. I. T. W. F. (1991) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.159.5.653 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Piasecki, T. M., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.2.238 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins
LESSOV, C. N., MARTIN, N. G., STATHAM, D. J., TODOROV, A. A., SLUTSKE, W. S., BUCHOLZ, K. K., HEATH, A. C., & MADDEN, P. A. F. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001582 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationNicotine metabolite ratio as a predictor of cigarette consumption
Pomerleau, C. S., Benowitz, N. L., Jacob, P., & Pomerleau, O. F. (2003) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/1462220031000158717 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Errors in using tobacco withdrawal scale
Hughes, J. R., & Hatsukami, D. K. (1998) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.7.1.92a · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Smoking withdrawal dynamics: II. Improved tests of withdrawal-relapse relations
Piasecki, T. M., Jorenby, D. E., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.1.14 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Kaprio, J. A. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90088-1 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The Genetics of Smoking Persistence in Men and Women: A Multicultural Study
Madden, P. A. F., Heath, A. C., Pedersen, N. L., Kaprio, J. A., Koskenvuo, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (1999) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1021674804714 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationKnopik, V. S., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Slutske, W. S., Nelson, E. C., Statham, D. J., Whitfield, J. B., & Martin, N. G. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002922 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationHeath, A. C., Cates, R., Martin, N. G., Meyer, J. M., Hewitt, J. K., Neale, M. C., & Eaves, L. J. (1993) · Journal of Substance Abuse · doi:10.1016/0899-3289(93)90065-j · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationXian, H., Scherrer, J. F., Madden, P. A. F., Lyons, M. J., Tsuang, M., True, W. R., & Eisen, S. A. (2003) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/1462220031000073667 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationReports of smoking withdrawal symptoms over a 21 day period of abstinence
Cummings, K. M., Giovino, G. A., Jaén, C. R., & Emrich, L. J. (1985) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(85)90034-6 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Genetic Influences on Smoking Behavior
Heath, A. C., & Madden, P. A. F. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9377-2_3 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationHeath, A. C., Howells, W. A. B., Kirk, K. M., Madden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Nelson, E. C., Slutske, W. S., Statham, D. J., & Martin, N. G. (2001) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.4.2.73 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationCircumstances surrounding relapse in a group of recent exsmokers
Cummings, K. M., Jaén, C. R., & Giovino, G. A. (1985) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(85)90035-0 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., Lynskey, M. T., Todorov, A. A., & Madden, P. A. F. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/1369052022983 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationMadden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Dinwiddie, S. H., Slutske, W. S., Bierut, L. J., Statham, D. J., Dunne, M. P., Martin, N. G., & Heath, A. C. (1997) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02957.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationHeath, A. C., Howells, W., Kirk, K. M., Madden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Nelson, E. C., Slutske, W. S., Statham, D. J., & Martin, N. G. (2001) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/1369052012182 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMadden, P. A. F., Pedersen, N. L., Kaprio, J. A., Koskenvuo, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2004) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/13690520460741471 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationPreventing Relapse in the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction: Current Issues and Future Directions
Carmody, T. P. (1992) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1992.10471634 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
XIAN, H., SCHERRER, J. F., MADDEN, P. A. F., LYONS, M. J., TSUANG, M., TRUE, W. R., & EISEN, S. A. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704003289 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurement of self reported active exposure to cigarette smoke
Etter, J., & Perneger, T. V. (2001) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.55.9.674 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Consistency of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome
Hughes, J. R., Hatsukami, D. K., Pickens, R. W., & Svikis, D. S. (1984) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(84)90043-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pergadia, M. L., Heath, A. C., Arpana Agrawal, A., Bucholz, K. K., Martin, N. G., & Madden, P. A. F. (2006) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-005-9042-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences in tobacco withdrawal syndrome
Svikis, D. S., Hatsukami, D. K., Hughes, J. R., Carroll, K. M., & Pickens, R. W. (1986) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(86)90028-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Persist or Quit? Testing for a Genetic Contribution to Smoking Persistence
Heath, A. C. (1990) · Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae · doi:10.1017/s0001566000003676 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal stability and within-subject consistency of nicotine withdrawal symptoms
Tate, J. C., Pomerleau, O. F., & Pomerleau, C. S. (1993) · Journal of Substance Abuse · doi:10.1016/0899-3289(93)90004-u · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ciobanu, L. D., & Pesut, D. P. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Piasecki, T. M., Niaura, R., Shadel, W. G., Abrams, D., Goldstein, M., Fiore, M. C. & Baker, T. B. (2000). Smoking withdrawal dynamic in unaided quitters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109, 74-86.
- Zevin, S. & Benowitz, N. B. (2000). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine. In Nicotine in Psychiatry : Psychopathology and Emerging Therapeutics (ed. M. Piasecki and P. A. Newhouse), pp. 37-57. American Psychiatric Press Inc. : Washington, D.C.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics
Benowitz, N. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Weiss, R. B., Baker, T. B., Cannon, D. S., von Niederhausern, A., Dunn, D. M., Matsunami, N., Singh, N. A., Baird, L., Coon, H., McMahon, W. M., et al. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000125 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
McLaughlin, I., Dani, J. A., & De Biasi, M. (2015) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13482-6_4 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Genetic factors may also account for 29–53 % of the variance in withdrawal symptoms and approximately 50 % of the variance in quitting success (Xian et al. 2003, 2005; Pergadia et al. 2006).”
BackgroundCognitive function during nicotine withdrawal: Implications for nicotine dependence treatment
Ashare, R. L., Falcone, M., & Lerman, C. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.034 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Wilkinson, D. S., Turner, J. R., Blendy, J. A., & Gould, T. J. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2808-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- PERGADIA, M. L., HEATH, A. C., MARTIN, N. G., & MADDEN, P. A. F.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-04-06
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 963-972
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2052689467
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 20 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AA11998, DA12854, AA07728)
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA11998, R01AA013321, AA13321, AA 07580, T32AA007580, R01AA007535, AA-07535, AA-07728)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 019951, DA12854, K08DA019951)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- nicotine withdrawal, heritability, genetic factors, twin studies, nicotine dependence, smoking progression, genetic correlation, depressive mood, heart rate, sex differences, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Irritable Mood, Male, Nicotine, Smoking, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Models, Statistical, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
