Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms predict child problem behaviour: The Generation R Study

Cents, R. A. M.; Diamantopoulou, S.; Hudziak, J. J.; Jaddoe, V. W. V.; Hofman, A.; Verhulst, F. C.; Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P.; Tiemeier, H.

doi:10.1017/s0033291712000657

Cited by 158Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms predict child problem behaviour: The Generation R Study

Cents, R. A. M., Diamantopoulou, S., Hudziak, J. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., Verhulst, F. C., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., Tiemeier, H.·2013·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291712000657

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Abstract

Background: It is unclear how the course of maternal depressive symptoms affects child development. We modelled trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from mid-pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth to better determine their associations with child problem behaviour. Method: Mother–child dyads (n = 4167) participated in a population-based prospective cohort in The Netherlands. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory during pregnancy and at 2, 6 and 36 months postnatally. When children were 3 years old, problem behaviour was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist completed by each parent. A group-based modelling technique was used to model trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and to examine their association with child problem behaviour. The added value of trajectory modelling was determined with successive linear regressions. Results: We identified four trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms; ‘no’ (34%), ‘low’ (54%), ‘moderate’ (11%) and ‘high’ (1.5%). Child problem behaviour varied as a function of maternal trajectory membership. Whether rated by mother or father, children of mothers assigned to higher trajectories had significantly more problem behaviours than children of mothers assigned to lower trajectories. The model including trajectories had additive predictive value over a model relying only on a summed repeated measure of severity and a predefined chronicity variable. Conclusions: Depending on their course, maternal depressive symptoms have different effects on child problem behaviour. More information is gained by studying trajectories of symptoms, than only predefined measures of severity and chronicity. Moreover, trajectories can help identifying clinically depressed mothers who are possible candidates for early interventions.

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Mothers with a minoritized racial or ethnic background are at increased risk for depressive symptoms.
“mothers with a minoritized racial or ethnic background are at increased risk for depressive symptoms [35]”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
Financial strain (low income and unemployment) is associated with maternal depression and anxiety.
“financial strain (i.e., low income and unemployment) is associated with maternal depression and anxiety [15, 35], as well as paternal depression [34].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [35]

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Authors: Cents, R. A. M., Diamantopoulou, S., Hudziak, J. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., Verhulst, F. C., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., & Tiemeier, H.
Affiliations: Erasmus MC (NL)
University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Tiemeier, H.
ORCID: Diamantopoulou, S.
Hudziak, J. J.
Jaddoe, V. W. V.
Verhulst, F. C.
Tiemeier, H.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2012-04-11
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-25
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000657
OpenAlex: W2163189773
Cited by: 158
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 6.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Erasmus+
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords: maternal depressive symptoms, child behavior problems, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, mother-child dyads, child development, maternal depression, early intervention
MeSH terms: Adult, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Depression, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Models, Psychological, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Netherlands, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index

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Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms predict child problem behaviour: The Generation R Study

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