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Cited by 193Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumPsychology and Mental Health

Early childhood aetiology of mental health problems: a longitudinal population-based study

Bayer, Jordana K., Hiscock, Harriet, Ukoumunne, Obioha C., Price, Anna, Wake, Melissa·2008·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01943.x
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Abstract

Background: Mental health problems comprise an international public health issue affecting up to 20% of children and show considerable stability. We aimed to identify child, parenting, and family predictors from infancy in the development of externalising and internalising behaviour problems by age 3 years. Methods: Design Longitudinal, population‐based survey completed by primary caregivers when children were 7, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months old. Participants 733 children sequentially recruited at 6–7 months from routine well‐child appointments (August–September 2004) across six socio‐economically and culturally diverse government areas in Victoria, Australia; 589 (80%) retained at 3 years. Measures 7 months: sociodemographic characteristics, maternal mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)), substance misuse, home violence, social isolation, infant temperament; 12 months: partner relationship, parenting (Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC)); 18, 24 and 36 months: child behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5 (CBCL)), PBC, DASS. Results: Sixty‐nine percent of all families attending well‐child clinics took part. The consistent and cumulative predictors of externalising behaviours were parent stress and harsh discipline. Predictors of internalising behaviours included small family size, parent distress, and parenting. Twenty‐five percent of variation in early externalising behaviour and 17% of variation in early internalising behaviour was explained. Conclusions: Effective and cost‐efficient population approaches to preventing mental health problems early in childhood are urgently needed. Programmes must support parents in reducing personal stress as well as negative parenting practices.

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  • Emotional and behavioural difficulties can manifest because of severe discipline from the caregiver.

    “This is of significance as emotional and behavioural difficulties can manifest themselves because of severe discipline from the caregiver towards the child (Bayer et al. 2008).”

    From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Bayer et al. 2008

  • The parenting a child or adolescent receives can significantly impact emotional and behavioural development.

    “This corresponds with evidence that the parenting a child or adolescent receives can significantly impact on emotional and behavioural development (Bayer et al. 2008;Stormshak et al. 2000).”

    From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Bayer et al. 2008

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Authors
Bayer, J. K., Hiscock, H., Ukoumunne, O. C., Price, A., & Wake, M.
Affiliations
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
  • Murdoch Children's Research Institute (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-10-27
Volume
49
Issue
11
Pages
1166-1174
ISSN
  • 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7610
DOI
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01943.x
OpenAlex
W2131878256
Cited by
193
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI
11.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Australian Rotary Health
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords
child mental health, early childhood, externalizing problems, parenting practices, harsh discipline, parental stress, maternal mental health, family size, infant temperament, domestic violence, child behavior problems, mental health prevention, well-child clinics
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Child, Preschool, Family, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Temperament, Victoria, Parenting, Caregivers, Domestic Violence, Sex Distribution

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