Intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and psychopathology: the role of antenatal depression
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BACKGROUND: Maternal experience of childhood maltreatment and maternal antenatal depression are both associated with offspring childhood maltreatment and offspring adjustment problems. We have investigated the relative impact of maternal childhood maltreatment and exposure to depression in utero on offspring maltreatment and psychopathology. METHOD: The sample included 125 families from the South London Child Development Study. A prospective longitudinal design was used. Data on maternal childhood maltreatment, maternal antenatal depression (36 weeks of pregnancy), offspring childhood maltreatment (age 11 years) and offspring adolescent antisocial behaviour and depression (ages 11 and 16 years) were obtained from parents and offspring through clinical interview. RESULTS: Mothers who experienced childhood maltreatment were significantly more likely to be depressed during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) 10.00]. Offspring of mothers who experienced only childhood maltreatment or only antenatal depression were no more at risk of being maltreated or having psychopathology; however, offspring of mothers who experienced both maternal childhood maltreatment and antenatal depression were exposed to significantly greater levels of childhood maltreatment and exhibited significantly higher levels of adolescent antisocial behaviour compared with offspring not so exposed. Furthermore, maternal childhood maltreatment accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in offspring childhood maltreatment in only those offspring exposed to depression in utero. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal childhood maltreatment and maternal antenatal depression are highly associated. The co-occurrence of both insults significantly increases the risk of offspring adversity. The antenatal period is an optimum period to identify vulnerable women and to provide interventions.
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The association between maternal depression during pregnancy and offspring depression is mediated, at least in part, by an increased risk of the offspring being exposed to maltreatment and other stressful events in childhood.
“association that is mediated, at least in part, by an increased risk of the offspring being exposed to maltreatment and other stressful events in childhood (Plant et al., 2013(Plant et al., , 2015)).”
From Why are depressed patients inflamed? A reflection on 20 years of research on depression, glucocorticoid resistance and inflammation (2017) · cites this paper as Plant et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Plant, D. T., Barker, E. D., Waters, C. S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Birkbeck, University of London (GB)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Plant, D. T.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-06-14
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 519-528
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3558981
- OpenAlex
- W2141517896
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Psychiatry Research Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- King's College London
- Medical Research Council (MR/J002739/1)
- Birkbeck, University of London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- intergenerational transmission, child abuse, antenatal depression, maternal depression, offspring psychopathology, offspring depression, maternal adversity, prenatal exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Models, Statistical, Child of Impaired Parents, Conduct Disorder, Young Adult
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