Cited by 155Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumBirth, Development, and HealthPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

Do prenatal risk factors cause psychiatric disorder? Be wary of causal claims

Open access
Thapar, Anita, Rutter, Michael·2009·British Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

Summary: Many prenatal risk factors are known to have adverse consequences on fetal development and there is increasing interest in effects on the mental health of offspring. However, associations with prenatal risk factors may arise because of postnatal risk or through confounders, including inherited ones. As a result, caution is required in assuming causation.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.062828

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Environmental risk factors including maternally related prenatal risks, pregnancy and birth complications, traumatic brain injuries and other external factors have been linked to ADHD.

    “Environmental risk factors, including maternally related prenatal risks, pregnancy and birth complications, traumatic brain injuries and other external factors, have also been linked to ADHD (Lahey et al., 2009; Thapar and Rutter, 2009; Froehlich et al., 2011a; Thapar et al., 2012; Van Batenburg-Eddes et al., 2013; Adeyemo et al., 2014; Glover, 2014; Silva et al., 2014; Chang et al., 2018; Saez et”

    From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Thapar and Rutter, 2009

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Thapar, A., & Rutter, M.
Affiliations
  • Cardiff University (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Thapar, Anita
Venue
British Journal of Psychiatry
Published
2009-08
Volume
195
Issue
2
Pages
100-101
ISSN
  • 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
  • 1472-1465
OpenAlex
W2148051001
Cited by
155
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
prenatal risk factors, mental illness, offspring mental health, fetal development, causal inference, confounding, heritability, developmental origins of health and disease
MeSH terms
Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Smoking, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review