Insulin resistance and obesity, and their association with depression in relatively young people: findings from a large UK birth cohort
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Depression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people. METHODS: Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we used regression analyses to examine: (1) cross-sectional and (2) longitudinal associations between measures of DGIH [insulin resistance (IR); impaired glucose tolerance] and body mass index (BMI) at ages 9 and 18 years, and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode) at age 18 years and (3) whether sociodemographics, lifestyle factors or inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) at age 9 years] confounded any such associations. RESULTS: We included 3208 participants. At age 18 years, IR and BMI were positively associated with depression. These associations may be explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. There were no longitudinal associations between DGIH/BMI and depression, and adjustment for IL-6 and C-reactive protein did not attenuate associations between IR/BMI and depression; however, the longitudinal analyses may have been underpowered. CONCLUSIONS: Young people with depression show evidence of DGIH and raised BMI, which may be related to sociodemographic and lifestyle effects such as deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and gender. In future, studies with larger samples are required to confirm this. Preventative strategies for the poorer physical health outcomes associated with depression should focus on malleable lifestyle factors.
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In obese individuals, decreased insulin sensitivity correlates significantly with greater depressive and anxiety symptomology.
“In obese individuals, decreased insulin sensitivity correlates significantly with greater depressive and anxiety symptomology [122,123].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [123]
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The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence
Fulton, S., Décarie-Spain, L., Fioramonti, X., Guiard, B., & Nakajima, S. (2022) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.005 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
“Insulin In obese individuals, decreased insulin sensitivity correlates significantly with greater depressive and anxiety symptomology [122,123].”
BackgroundPrevalence and age patterns of depression in the United Kingdom. A population-based study
Arias de la Torre, J., Vilagut, G., Ronaldson, A., Dregan, A., Ricci-Cabello, I., Hatch, S. L., Serrano-Blanco, A., Valderas, J. M., Hotopf, M., & Alonso, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.129 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
- Authors
- Perry, B. I., Khandaker, G. M., Marwaha, S., Thompson, A., Zammit, S., Singh, S. P., & Upthegrove, R.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, B. I.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-03-11
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 556-565
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC7093318
- OpenAlex
- W2913287114
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (102215/2/13/2), 217065/Z/19/Z, 102215, 08426812/Z/07/Z, 102215/2/13/, 201486 /Z/16/Z, 08426812, 201486, MQDS17/40, MC_PC_17213)
- MQ: Transforming Mental Health (MQDS17/40)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (MQDS17/40, NIHR127700, DRF-2018-11-ST2-018)
- Department of Health and Social Care
- University of Bristol (102215/2/13/2, MQDS17/40, 08426812/Z/07/Z)
- Cambridge University Hospitals (BRC 2012-2017)
- Medical Research Council (102215, MC_PC_19009, 08426812/Z/07/Z, MC_PC_15018, 102215/2/13/2, MQDS17/40, MR/L010305/1, MC_PC_17213)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, obesity, depression, impaired glucose tolerance, interleukin-6, low-grade inflammation, body mass index, youth, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, childhood smoking, ethnicity, gender differences, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, C-Reactive Protein, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Interleukin-6, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Glucose Intolerance, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Pediatric Obesity
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