Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III
Open accessAbstract
There is a strong relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes in the United States, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Increasing evidence points to links between lifelong exposure to infectious disease and subsequent chronic disease. Exposure and susceptibility to infections may be one way SES affects long-term health, although little population-based research to date has examined social patterning of infections in the United States. This paper tests the relationship between income, education, race/ethnicity and seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at different ages in a representative sample of the US population, and tests potential mediators for these relationships. The study finds significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in CMV seroprevalence beginning at early ages and persisting into middle age. Potential exposures do not explain the relationship between SES and CMV positivity. Because reactivation of latent CMV infections may contribute to chronic disease and immune decline later in life, future research should determine the exposure or susceptibility pathways responsible for these disparities in the prevalence of CMV infection.
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Emerging data suggest that HIV and CMV co-infections interact in a potential negative manner.
“The impact of HIV disease on this process is not known, but emerging data suggest that these co-infections interact in a potential negative manner (41–44).”
From HIV and Aging: State of Knowledge and Areas of Critical Need for Research. A Report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- DOWD, J. B., AIELLO, A. E., & ALLEY, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- DOWD, J. B.
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Infection
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-04-16
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 58-65
- ISSN
- 0950-2688 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4409
- PMC
- PMC3806637
- OpenAlex
- W2141683146
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG000037)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60MD002249)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- cytomegalovirus infection, seroprevalence, socioeconomic status, socioeconomic disparities, income, race and ethnicity, chronic disease, NHANES III
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Education, Female, Humans, Income, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Racial Groups
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