Persistent viral pathogens and cognitive impairment across the life course in the third national health and nutrition examination survey
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Herpesviruses have been linked to cognitive impairment in older individuals but little is known about the association in the general US population. METHODS: We determined whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) seropositivity were associated with cognitive impairment among children (aged 6-16 years) and adults aged 20-59 or ≥60 years, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between pathogen seropositivity and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Among children, HSV-1 seropositivity was associated with lower reading and spatial reasoning test scores (β, -0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.18 to -.21 and β, -0.82; 95% CI, -1.29 to -.36, respectively). Among middle-aged adults, HSV-1 and CMV seropositivity were associated with impaired coding speed (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13-2.11, and OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09-1.82, respectively). CMV seropositivity was also associated with impaired learning and recall (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14-1.80). Among older adults, HSV-1 seropositivity was associated with immediate memory impairment (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.68-6.32). CONCLUSIONS: Future studies examining the biological pathways by which herpesviruses influence cognitive impairment across the life course are warranted.
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The cumulative effect of exposure to multiple infectious pathogens, both bacterial and viral, over several years is associated with changes in cognition, as well as multi-system biological dysfunction before clinical disease is apparent.
“Evidence suggests that the cumulative effect of exposure to multiple infectious pathogens, both bacterial and viral, over several years is associated with changes in cognition, as well as multi-system biological dysfunction before clinical disease is apparent (459, 460).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [459]
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Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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- Authors
- Tarter, K. D., Simanek, A. M., Dowd, J. B., & Aiello, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- City University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tarter, Kara D.
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-11-18
- Volume
- 209
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 837-844
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- PMC
- PMC3935478
- OpenAlex
- W2106656548
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG040115)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1, cognitive impairment, seroprevalence, children, middle-aged adults, older adults, coding speed, learning and recall, immediate memory, life course
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, Child, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Herpes Simplex, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Young Adult
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