Cited by 480Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Abuse and Trauma

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Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis

SIMONS, RONALD L., MURRY, VELMA, MCLOYD, VONNIE, LIN, KUEI-HSIU, CUTRONA, CAROLYN, CONGER, RAND D.·2002·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579402002109

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Abstract

This study investigated the correlates of childhood depressive symptoms in an African American sample. We included processes that are likely to operate for all children, regardless of race or ethnicity, as well as events and circumstances that are largely unique to children of color. These various constructs were assessed at both the individual and community level. The analyses consisted of hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 810 African American families living in Iowa and Georgia. Three individual-level variables were associated with childhood depressive symptoms: uninvolved parenting, racial discrimination. and criminal victimization. At the community level, prevalence of both discrimination and criminal victimization were positively related and community ethnic identification was negatively related to depressive symptoms. Further, there was evidence that community ethnic identification and neighborhood poverty serve to moderate the relationship between criminal victimization and depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of considering factors unique to the everyday lives of the cultural group that is the focus of study, while demonstrating the dangers of a 'one model fits all" approach to studying children of color.

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Authors: SIMONS, R. L., MURRY, V., MCLOYD, V., LIN, K.-H., CUTRONA, C., & CONGER, R. D.
Affiliations: Iowa State University (US)
University of Georgia (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: SIMONS, RONALD L.
MURRY, VELMA
MCLOYD, VONNIE
CUTRONA, CAROLYN
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2002-05-15
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 371-393
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579402002109
OpenAlex: W2100690265
Cited by: 480
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 39.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH048165, MH 48165)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: African American children, racial discrimination, crime victimization, ethnic identity, parenting, neglectful parenting, neighborhood poverty, community factors, children of color, moderating effect
MeSH terms: Black or African American, Child, Crime, Depression, Female, Georgia, Humans, Iowa, Male, Personality Assessment, Poverty, Prejudice, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Social Identification, Parenting

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Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis

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