Dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct associations with neural systems underlying executive functioning
Open accessAbstract
Childhood adversity is associated with increased risk for psychopathology. Neurodevelopmental pathways underlying this risk remain poorly understood. A recent conceptual model posits that childhood adversity can be deconstructed into at least two underlying dimensions, deprivation and threat, that are associated with distinct neurocognitive consequences. This model argues that deprivation (i.e., a lack of cognitive stimulation and learning opportunities) is associated with poor executive function (EF), whereas threat is not. We examine this hypothesis in two studies measuring EF at multiple levels: performance on EF tasks, neural recruitment during EF, and problems with EF in daily life. In Study 1, deprivation (low parental education and child neglect) was associated with greater parent-reported problems with EF in adolescents ( N = 169; 13–17 years) after adjustment for levels of threat (community violence and abuse), which were unrelated to EF. In Study 2, low parental education was associated with poor working memory (WM) performance and inefficient neural recruitment in the parietal and prefrontal cortex during high WM load among adolescents ( N = 51, 13–20 years) after adjusting for abuse, which was unrelated to WM task performance and neural recruitment during WM. These findings constitute strong preliminary evidence for a novel model of the neurodevelopmental consequences of childhood adversity.
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Different forms of childhood trauma, abuse versus neglect, can have differential biological and neurofunctional impacts.
“different forms of CT, abuse versus neglect, can have differential biological and neurofunctional impacts (29–32)”
From Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence—Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
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Effects of successive environments on brain measures☆
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Self-citationAuditory Spatial Coding Flexibly Recruits Anterior, but Not Posterior, Visuotopic Parietal Cortex
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Stimulant Medication and Prefrontal Functional Connectivity During Working Memory in ADHD
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Self-citationWorking memory filtering continues to develop into late adolescence
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Self-citationBasic neuroscience research has important implications for child development
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Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
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Self-citationAssociation of childhood trauma exposure with adult psychiatric disorders and functional outcomes
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- Authors
- Sheridan, M. A., Peverill, M., Finn, A. S., & McLaughlin, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sheridan, Margaret A.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2017-11-22
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1777-1794
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC5733141
- OpenAlex
- W2768125376
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 20.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092555, R01MH103291, R01MH106482)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD083091)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, executive function, deprivation, threats, parental education, child neglect, community violence, child abuse, working memory, neural recruitment, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, adolescents, brain development, psychopathology risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Parents, Violence, Young Adult, Executive Function
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