Prenatal teratogens and the development of adult mental illness
Abstract
Our findings in the Helsinki Influenza Study and the Danish Forty Year Study lead us to conclude that a 2nd-trimester maternal influenza infection may increase risk for adult schizophrenia or adult major affective disorder. More recently we have also reported an increase of unipolar depression among offspring who were exposed prenatally to a severe earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) in Tangshan, China. Among the earthquake-exposed males (but not the females), we observed a significantly greater depression response for those individuals exposed during the 2nd trimester of gestation. These findings suggest that maternal influenza infection and severe maternal stress may operate (in different ways) as teratogens, disrupting the development of the fetal brain and increasing risk for developing schizophrenia or depression in adulthood.
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Maternal exposure to natural disasters, war, or stressful life events is associated with increased prevalence of psychopathology in offspring.
“and maternal exposure to natural disasters, war or stressful life events have been associated with increased prevalence of psychopathology in the offspring (van Os & Selten, 1998; Selten et al., 1999; Watson et al., 1999; Beversdorf et al., 2005; Khashan et al., 2008).”
From High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6-9-year-old children. (2010) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1999
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- Authors
- WATSON, J. B., MEDNICK, S. A., HUTTUNEN, M., & WANG, X.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Kailuan General Hospital (CN)
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1999-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 457-466
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- OpenAlex
- W2134543957
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k05mh000619-13)
- National Institute on Aging (T32-AG00156, T32AG000156)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH00619)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- maternal influenza infection, schizophrenia, major affective disorders, major depressive disorder, earthquake exposure, maternal stress, fetal brain development, second trimester, sex differences, Tangshan earthquake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, China, Disasters, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Teratogens, Mood Disorders
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