Cited by 284Schizophrenia research and treatmentDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchMemory Processes and Influences

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The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

Paulsen, Jane S., Heaton, Robert K., Sadek, Joseph R., Perry, William, Delis, Dean C., Braff, David, Kuck, Julie, Zisook, Sidney, Jeste, Dilip V.·1995·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society

DOI 10.1017/s135561770000014x

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Abstract

The California Verbal Learning Test was used to characterize the learning and memory impairment in schizophrenia (SC) and to evaluate potential clinical and demographic factors associated with this impairment. SC patients (n= 175) performed worse than normal comparison (NC) subjects (n= 229) on all learning, recall, and recognition memory measures. The most important clinical correlates of these impairments were earlier age of onset, more negative symptoms, and greater anticholinergic medication dosage. SC patients showed a prominent retrieval deficit as indicated by disproportionate improvement when tested in a recognition, rather than a free recall, format. A residual impairment seen with recognition testing suggests a mild encoding deficit as well. In contrast, the relative absence of a storage deficit is suggested by the lack of rapid forgetting. Using a discriminant function analysis that differentiates cortical dementia [i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD)], subcortical dementia [i.e., Huntington's disease (HD)], and normals, it was found that 5070 of the SC patients were classified as having a subcortical memory profile and 35% were classified as having a normal profile, whereas only 15% were classified as having a cortical memory profile. Although these findings reflect the clinical heterogeneity often found in SC, results suggest that most SC patients demonstrate a pattern of learning and memory impairments that resembles the pattern seen in patients with primary subcortical (specifically striatal) pathology. (JINS, 1995,I, 88–99.)

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Authors: Paulsen, J. S., Heaton, R. K., Sadek, J. R., Perry, W., Delis, D. C., Braff, D., Kuck, J., Zisook, S., & Jeste, D. V.
Affiliations: Veterans Health Administration (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
ORCID: Paulsen, Jane S.
Heaton, Robert K.
Sadek, Joseph R.
Perry, William
Braff, David
Zisook, Sidney
Jeste, Dilip V.
Venue: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1995-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 88-99
ISSN: 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
1469-7661
DOI: 10.1017/s135561770000014x
OpenAlex: W2091179044
Cited by: 284
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 9.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 5170 d)
Locations: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
National Institutes of Health (2r01mh045131-06a1)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH49671-01, MH-43693, MH45131, P30MH049671)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: schizophrenia, learning disabilities, memory impairment, California Verbal Learning Test, recognition memory, free recall, retrieval deficit, encoding deficits, age of onset, negative symptoms, anticholinergic agents, subcortical dementia, cortical dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Amnesia, Female, Humans, Huntington Disease, Learning Disabilities, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Verbal Learning

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The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

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