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Heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment: Differences in neuropsychological profile and associated white matter lesion pathology
Open accessAbstract
This study examined whether distinct neuropsychological profiles could be delineated in a sample with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and whether white matter lesion (WML) burden contributed to MCI group differences. A heterogeneous, clinical sample of 70 older adults diagnosed with MCI was assessed using cognitive scores, and WML was quantified using a semi-automated, volumetric approach on T 2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Using cluster and discriminant analyses, three distinct groups (Memory/Language, Executive/Processing Speed, and Pure Memory) were empirically derived based on cognitive scores. Results also showed a dose dependent relationship of WML burden to MCI subgroup, with the Executive/Processing Speed subgroup demonstrating significantly higher levels of WML pathology when compared to the other subgroups. In addition, there was a dissociation of lesion type by the two most impaired subgroups (Memory/Language and Executive/Processing Speed) such that the Memory/Language subgroup showed higher periventricular lesion (PVL) and lower deep white matter lesion (DWML) volumes, whereas the Executive/Processing Speed demonstrated higher DWML and lower PVL volumes. Results demonstrate that distinct MCI subgroups can be empirically derived and reliably differentiated from a heterogeneous MCI sample, and that these profiles differ according to WML burden. Overall, findings suggest different underlying pathologies within MCI and contribute to our understanding of MCI subtypes. (JINS, 2009,15, 906–914.)
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“Applying these methods to different samples of individuals with clinically-diagnosed MCI, Delano-Wood et al. [27] and Libon et al. [28] independently identified three clusters that represented amnestic, dysexecutive, and mixed (i.e., memory and language deficits) MCI subtypes.”
From Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Improves Diagnostic Precision, Biomarker Associations, and Progression Rates (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bondi, M. W., Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Edmonds, E. C., Jak, A. J., Clark, L. R., Delano-Wood, L., McDonald, C. R., Nation, D. A., Libon, D. J., Au, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140276 · Cited by 772
“…, and mixed MCI subtypes MCI had been determined using the actuarial neuropsychological method, consistent with the of Delano-Wood et al. [27] and Libon et al. [ In contrast, when MCI had been determined the conventional “one test” MCI criteria, Clark sub-types, and a third…”
Self-citationNeuropsychological Assessment of Dementia
Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190024 · Cited by 491
Self-citationEdmonds, E. C., Delano‐Wood, L., Clark, L. R., Jak, A. J., Nation, D. A., McDonald, C. R., Libon, D. J., Au, R., Galasko, D., Salmon, D. P., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.03.005 · Cited by 256
“A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on the z scores using Ward’s method, consistent with previous MCI studies [4,5].”
MethodSelf-citationSubjective Cognitive Complaints Contribute to Misdiagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Edmonds, E. C., Delano-Wood, L., Galasko, D. R., Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771400068x · Cited by 249
“…demonstrate deficits primarily in one area of cognitive ability (e.g., memory, executive functioning, language), while others demonstrate impairments in multiple cognitive domains (Bondi et al., 2014; Clark et al., 2013; Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Edmonds et al., 2014; Libon et al., 2010).”
Self-citationSubtle Cognitive Decline and Biomarker Staging in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
Edmonds, E. C., Initiative, A. D. N., Delano‐Wood, L., Galasko, D. R., Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150128 · Cited by 205
“: +1 858 552 8585/Ext. 2809; Fax: +1 858 642 1218; E-mail: mbondi@ucsd.edu.”
Self-citationSpecific Measures of Executive Function Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Clark, L. R., Schiehser, D. M., Weissberger, G. H., Salmon, D. P., Delis, D. C., & Bondi, M. W. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711001524 · Cited by 193
“Indeed, recent neuropsychological studies of empirically-derived MCI subtypes have found that the majority of MCI cases present with a more heterogeneous cognitive profile rather than a circumscribed amnesia (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Eppig et al., in press; Libon et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAre Empirically-Derived Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment Consistent with Conventional Subtypes?
Clark, L. R., Delano-Wood, L., Libon, D. J., McDonald, C. R., Nation, D. A., Bangen, K. J., Jak, A. J., Au, R., Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2013) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617713000313 · Cited by 167
“Consistent with recent clinical studies of MCI (Delano-Wood et al., 2009), Ward’s method was used to calculate the distance between each cluster (squared Euclidean distance) and merge clusters together that produced the smallest increase in overall distances within clusters.”
InfluentialSelf-citationEarly versus late MCI: Improved MCI staging using a neuropsychological approach
Edmonds, E. C., McDonald, C. R., Marshall, A. J., Thomas, K. R., Eppig, J. S., Weigand, A. J., Delano‐Wood, L., Galasko, D. R., Salmon, D. P., Bondi, M. W., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.12.009 · Cited by 143
“Z-scores for the six neuropsychological variables for each MCI participant were entered into a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method, consistent with our previous work [2,3,16,25].”
Self-citationThe heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological analysis
LIBON, D. J., XIE, S. X., EPPIG, J., WICAS, G., LAMAR, M., LIPPA, C., BETTCHER, B. M., PRICE, C. C., GIOVANNETTI, T., SWENSON, R., et al. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709990993 · Cited by 130
Self-citationEffects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Forte, G., Pascalis, V. D., Favieri, F., & Casagrande, M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9010034 · Cited by 135
“This pathophysiological process could explain the association between hypertension and the deterioration of brain functions, specifically of executive functions [33,34], language [35], attention [36], processing speed and memory [37].”
BackgroundA quantitative meta-analysis of olfactory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment
Roalf, D. R., Moberg, M. J., Turetsky, B. I., Brennan, L., Kabadi, S., Wolk, D. A., & Moberg, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-314638 · Cited by 130
Johns, E. K., Phillips, N. A., Belleville, S., Goupil, D., Babins, L., Kelner, N., Ska, B., Gilbert, B., Massoud, F., de Boysson, C., et al. (2012) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617712000069 · Cited by 133
“Although atrophy of the frontal lobes is not typically observed in MCI, recent studies point to a possible disconnection between brain areas (e.g., Brambati et al., 2009; Chao et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2009; Delano-Wood et al., 2009), which could underlie this early executive impairment.”
ResultLibon, D. J., Bondi, M. W., Price, C. C., Lamar, M., Eppig, J. S., Wambach, D. M., Nieves, C., Delano‐Wood, L., Giovannetti, T., Lippa, C. F., et al. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711000944 · Cited by 122
Self-citationLogue, M. W., Panizzon, M. S., Elman, J. A., Gillespie, N. A., Hatton, S. N., Gustavson, D. E., Andreassen, O. A., Dale, A. M., Franz, C. E., Lyons, M. J., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0030-8 · Cited by 111
Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease
Wierenga, C. E., & Bondi, M. W. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9025-y · Cited by 105
Self-citationMild Cognitive Impairment: A Concept and Diagnostic Entity in Need of Input from Neuropsychology
Bondi, M. W., & Smith, G. E. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617714000010 · Cited by 101
Self-citationBlood Pressure and Cognition Among Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Gifford, K. A., Badaracco, M. E., Liu, D., Tripodis, Y., Gentile, A. M., Lu, K., Palmisano, J. N., & Jefferson, A. L. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/act046 · Cited by 96
“Language performances have been linked to white matter disease (Carew, Lamar, Cloud, Grossman, & Libon, 1997; Delano-Wood et al., 2009), though not all studies support this observation (Au et al., 2006; Mungas et al., 2001).”
ResultEdmonds, E. C., Weigand, A. J., Thomas, K. R., Eppig, J. S., Delano‐Wood, L., Galasko, D. R., Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2018) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617718000486 · Cited by 93
Self-citationHermens, D. F., Hodge, M. A., Naismith, S. L., Kaur, M., Scott, E. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710001566 · Cited by 88
“Ideally, a good cluster solution is when the data segregates into theoretically meaningful subsets (Delano-Wood et al., 2009) and this is usually achieved by examining cluster characteristics at successive steps until a reasonable number of relatively homogenous groups is obtained (Norusis, 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPuzo, C. J., Labriola, C., Sugarman, M. A., Tripodis, Y., Martin, B. M., Palmisano, J. N., Steinberg, E. G., Stein, T. D., Kowall, N. W., McKee, A. C., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0521-0 · Cited by 85
Heterogeneous cortical atrophy patterns in MCI not captured by conventional diagnostic criteria
Edmonds, E. C., Eppig, J. S., Bondi, M. W., Leyden, K. M., Goodwin, B., Delano‐Wood, L., McDonald, C. R., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003326 · Cited by 87
Self-citationDelano‐Wood, L., Stricker, N. H., Sorg, S. F., Nation, D. A., Jak, A. J., Woods, S. P., Libon, D. J., Delis, D. C., Frank, L. R., & Bondi, M. W. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-102103 · Cited by 79
Self-citationAlzheimer’s/Vascular Spectrum Dementia: Classification in Addition to Diagnosis
Emrani, S., Lamar, M., Price, C. C., Wasserman, V., Matusz, E. F., Au, R., Swenson, R. A., Nagele, R. G., Heilman, K. M., & Libon, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190654 · Cited by 84
Self-citationLiang, P., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., & Li, K. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111721 · Cited by 73
Neuropsychological subtypes of incident mild cognitive impairment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging
Machulda, M. M., Lundt, E. S., Albertson, S. M., Kremers, W. K., Mielke, M. M., Knopman, D. S., Bondi, M. W., & Petersen, R. C. (2019) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.03.014 · Cited by 69
“The most frequently identified subtypes are amnestic and dysexecutive MCI [3,4,8,9,11,12], with two studies also identifying a language subtype on the ADNI data set [11,12] and one identifying a visuospatial subtype in a community-based sample [9].”
Self-citationBangen, K. J., Preis, S. R., Delano‐Wood, L., Wolf, P. A., Libon, D. J., Bondi, M. W., Au, R., DeCarli, C. S., & Brickman, A. M. (2017) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000215 · Cited by 68
Self-citationAdverse Vascular Risk is Related to Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Jefferson, A. L., Hohman, T. J., Liu, D., Haj-Hassan, S., Gifford, K. A., Benson, E. M., Skinner, J. S., Lu, Z., Sparling, J. L., Sumner, E. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141812 · Cited by 73
“, Petersen criteria), which may contribute to differences in how vascular health affects brain health [33].”
Eppig, J. S., Edmonds, E. C., Campbell, L. M., Sanderson‐Cimino, M. E., Delano‐Wood, L., Bondi, M. W., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2017) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771700039x · Cited by 66
“However, recent research has challenged the empirical validity of this conventional diagnostic approach, as statistical clustering techniques used to characterize MCI subtypes have identified considerable neuropsychological heterogeneity (Clark et al., 2013; Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Edmonds et al., 2015; Libon et al.…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationProblems in Classifying Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): One or Multiple Syndromes?
Mardomingo, C. D., García‐Herranz, S., Rodríguez‐Fernández, R., Venero, C., & Peraita, H. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7090111 · Cited by 68
Miraglia, F., Vecchio, F., Marra, C., Quaranta, D., Alù, F., Peroni, B., Granata, G., Judica, E., Cotelli, M., & Rossini, P. M. (2019) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065720500045 · Cited by 63
Lamar, M., Boots, E. A., Arfanakis, K., Barnes, L. L., & Schneider, J. A. (2020) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09460-6 · Cited by 60
White Matter Predictors of Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
Meier, I. B., Manly, J. J., Provenzano, F. A., Louie, K. S., Wasserman, B. T., Griffith, E. Y., Hector, J. T., Allocco, E. R., & Brickman, A. M. (2012) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617712000227 · Cited by 58
“The current study is consistent with previous reports, which have shown that WMH are not only more common in AD patients, but their appearance is also elevated in people with MCI (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Luchsinger et al., 2009; Yoshita et al., 2006).”
ResultBangen, K. J., Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Clark, A. L., Werhane, M., Edmonds, E. C., Nation, D. A., Evangelista, N., Libon, D. J., Bondi, M. W., & Delano-Wood, L. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150900 · Cited by 51
“Additionally, recent research has demonstrated significant heterogeneity in MCI [14, 15, 19], considerable instability regarding the diagnosis of MCI, and highly variable prevalence rates across studies [20, 21].”
Self-citationLindemer, E., Salat, D. H., Smith, E. E., Nguyen, K., Fischl, B. R., & Greve, D. N. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011 · Cited by 48
“Vascular dysfunction is a primary mechanism of WM damage in older adults, and this damage is likely to contribute to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia (Barker et al., 2014; Bocti et al., 2005; Brickman et al., 2009a, 2009b; Debette and Markus, 2010; DeCarli et al., 2005; Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Fr…”
InfluentialSmith, M. M., The PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group, Mills, J. A., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0029218 · Cited by 47
Data-Driven vs Consensus Diagnosis of MCI
Edmonds, E. C., Smirnov, D. S., Thomas, K. R., Graves, L. V., Bangen, K. J., Delano‐Wood, L., Galasko, D. R., Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000012600 · Cited by 45
“Composite cognitive domain z scores were entered into a hierarchical cluster analysis, consistent with our previous work.(4,9,10,13) To examine the ability of the neuropsychological scores to discriminate between cluster-derived groups, a discriminant function analysis was conducted using the composite z scores to pre…”
MethodSelf-citationBigler, E. D. (2015) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9290-0 · Cited by 44
“For example, total white matter lesion burden and speed of processing appears to be an effective comparison for establishing postinjury neuropsychological outcome (Delano-Wood et al. 2009) Neuropsychol Rev (2015) 25:224–249 237”
BackgroundDysexecutive Functioning in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Derailment in Temporal Gradients
Eppig, J. S., Wambach, D. M., Nieves, C., Price, C. C., Lamar, M., Delano‐Wood, L., Giovannetti, T., Bettcher, B. M., Penney, D. L., Swenson, R., et al. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711001238 · Cited by 45
“The data recently provided by Delano-Wood et al. (2010) and Libon et al. (2010) do not support this finding.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationKlekociuk, S. Z., & Summers, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.890699 · Cited by 43
“…et al., 2007); some focus primarily on amnestic MCI (Kramer et al., 2006); and others have translated statistically derived profiles of neuropsychological functioning in broadly defined MCI as supporting evidence for the validity of these subtypes (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Libon et al., 2010).”
BackgroundBrainstem Volumetric Integrity in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease
Dutt, S., Initiative, A. D. N., Li, Y., Mather, M., & Nation, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200187 · Cited by 46
Quaranta, D., Caprara, A., Piccininni, C., Vita, M. G., Gainotti, G., & Marra, C. (2016) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acw034 · Cited by 41
“A subgroup of aMCI subjects showing similar features has been identified (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Quaranta et al., 2014) and, even in this case, the clinical course seemed to be less aggressive than in typical multiple domain aMCI (Quaranta et al., 2014).”
ResultUncovering heterogeneous cognitive trajectories in mild cognitive impairment: a data-driven approach
Wang, X., Ye, T., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01205-w · Cited by 44
“Delano-Wood was one of the first to provide evidence that distinct subgroups of MCI can be empirically derived based on cognitive data using a clinical sample of 70 [20].”
Hermens, D. F., Lagopoulos, J., Naismith, S. L., Tobias‐Webb, J., & Hickie, I. B. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.35 · Cited by 40
Bangen, K. J., Thomas, K. R., Weigand, A. J., Sanchez, D. L., Delano‐Wood, L., Edmonds, E. C., Carmichael, O. T., Schwarz, C. G., Brickman, A. M., & Bondi, M. W. (2019) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.016 · Cited by 38
Self-citationRegional vulnerability of longitudinal cortical association connectivity
Ceschin, R. C., Lee, V., Schmithorst, V. J., et al. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.021 · Cited by 37
“There is literature spanning the last three decades that shows that preterm children who have PVL have impairment of visual–spatial and visual motor integration (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Ricci et al., 2006; Fazzi et al., 2004; Uggetti et al., 1996; Cioni et al., 1997; Jacobson et al., 1996).”
BackgroundOperationalizing mild cognitive impairment criteria in small vessel disease: the VMCI‐Tuscany Study
Salvadori, E., Poggesi, A., Valenti, R., Pracucci, G., Pescini, F., Pasi, M., Nannucci, S., Marini, S., Del Bene, A., Ciolli, L., et al. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.010 · Cited by 36
“The fact that when using more restrictive criteria to diagnose MCI, a certain number of our patients were diagnosed with single NA domain MCI supports the hypothesis that MCI patients with SVD might have specific patterns of cognitive impairments in domains other than memory [34,35].”
BackgroundResultApathy and intrinsic functional connectivity networks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Joo, S. H., Lee, C. U., & Lim, H. K. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s123338 · Cited by 40
“36 Based on the current uncertainty inherent in the clinical concept of MCI, 37,38 controversial changes of DMN in aMCI patients may be due to the heterogeneity of the aMCI population between the studies.”
Assessing Working Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Serial Order Recall
Emrani, S., Libon, D. J., Lamar, M., Price, C. C., Jefferson, A. L., Gifford, K. A., Hohman, T. J., Nation, D. A., Delano‐Wood, L., Jak, A. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170555 · Cited by 37
“Patients diagnosed with MCI can be classified as presenting with single versus multiple domain subtypes [4, 5].”
InfluentialSelf-citationBrainstem substructures and cognition in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease
Dutt, S., Li, Y., Mather, M., Nation, D. A., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2021) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00459-y · Cited by 38
Can a tablet-based cancellation test identify cognitive impairment in older adults?
Wu, Y.-H., Vidal, J., de Rotrou, J., Sikkes, S. A. M., Rigaud, A., & Plichart, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181809 · Cited by 36
Midlife Vascular Factors and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life in Mexico
Rentería, M. A., Manly, J. J., Vonk, J. M. J., Mejía-Arango, S., Obregon, A. M., Samper‐Ternent, R., Wong, R., Barral, S., & Tosto, G. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000539 · Cited by 36
“, 2013), while MCI with deficits in executive functioning is associated with white matter lesions (Delano-Wood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundVisuoconstructional Impairment in Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Ahmed, S., Brennan, L., Eppig, J. S., Price, C. C., Lamar, M., Delano‐Wood, L., Bangen, K. J., Edmonds, E. C., Clark, L., Nation, D. A., et al. (2015) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2014.1003067 · Cited by 36
“Previous research has shown evidence for the presence of both single-domain impairments (i.e., amnestic and dysexecutive) and multidomain MCI subtypes (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Libon et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationLee, J., Ko, W., Kang, E., & Suk, H. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118048 · Cited by 33
Tatsuoka, C. M., Tseng, H., Jaeger, J., Váradi, F., Smith, M. A., Yamada, T., Smyth, K. A., Lerner, A. J., & Initiative, T. A. D. N. (2013) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt168 · Cited by 35
“As an example, a cluster analysis approach has recently been applied to characterize MCI subgroups by cognitive characteristics [25].”
MethodNicolini, P., Lucchi, T. A., Abbate, C., Inglese, S., Tomasini, E., Mari, D., Rossi, P. D., & Vicenzi, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.886023 · Cited by 31
“We selected the 10th percentile threshold, in accordance with several other Authors (e.g., Solfrizzi et al., 2004; Delano-Wood et al., 2009), because we believe that, relative to the 1 and 1.”
MethodInfluentialParcellating cognitive heterogeneity in early psychosis-spectrum illnesses: A cluster analysis
Crouse, J. J., Moustafa, A. A., Bogaty, S. E. R., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.060 · Cited by 30
Górriz, J. M., Ramı́rez, J., & John Suckling, A. (2019) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2019.03.032 · Cited by 29
“individuals, which have been described as classes including several subgroups [25, 11].”
BackgroundGicas, K. M., Vila-Rodriguez, F., Paquet, K., Barr, A. M., Procyshyn, R. M., Lang, D. J., Smith, G. N., Baitz, H. A., Giesbrecht, C. J., Montaner, J. S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.963519 · Cited by 27
“This supplementary approach has been used in similar studies (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Hermens et al., 2011).”
ResultProgression to dementia in memory clinic patients without dementia
Köhler, S., Hamel, R. E. G., Sistermans, N., Koene, T., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., van der Flier, W. M., Scheltens, P., Visser, P. J., Aalten, P., Verhey, F. R. J., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a82536 · Cited by 30
Clark, A. L., Sorg, S. F., Schiehser, D. M., Luc, N., Bondi, M. W., Sanderson, M. F., Werhane, M. L., & Delano‐Wood, L. (2016) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2016.1144894 · Cited by 28
“Interestingly, in contrast to studies conducted with ageing samples [17,19,55], DWMH pathology was related to reduced verbal memory functioning, but not slower processing speed or executive dysfunction.”
MethodResultSelf-citationZammit, A. R., Hall, C. B., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., & Terrera, G. M. (2018) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771700128x · Cited by 26
“…based on neuropsychological data, most have been limited by the range of cognitive variability: studies have focused on mild cognitive impairment (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Hanfelt et al., 2011; Libon et al., 2010), individuals with dementia (Davidson et al., 2010; Peter et al., 2014), or…”
BackgroundJester, D. J., Andel, R., Čechová, K., Laczó, J., Lerch, O., Marková, H., Nikolai, T., Vyhnálek, M., & Hort, J. (2020) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617720001046 · Cited by 25
“Several research groups propose that MCI diagnoses fall into cognitive phenotypes, including primary amnestic, dysexecutive, and mixed or multi-domain MCI (Clark et al., 2013; Damian et al., 2013; Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Libon et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodNicolini, P., Abbate, C., Inglese, S., Rossi, P. D., Mari, D., & Cesari, M. (2020) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12633 · Cited by 27
Mismatch Negativity/P3a Complex in Young People with Psychiatric Disorders: A Cluster Analysis
Kaur, M., Lagopoulos, J., Ward, P. B., Watson, T., Naismith, S. L., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051871 · Cited by 23
“Cluster analysis was based on previous similar studies [6,62–64] and statistical recommendations [65].”
MethodSudo, F. K., Alves, C. E. D. O., Alves, G. S., Ericeira-Valente, L., Tiel, C., Moreira, D. M., Laks, J., & Engelhardt, E. (2012) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642012dn06030006 · Cited by 23
Devlin, K. N., & Giovannetti, T. (2017) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9348-2 · Cited by 22
Zhang, L., Sun, W., Xing, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., Cheng, Y., Shi, C., & Zhang, N. (2019) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617719000353 · Cited by 18
“executive function strongly correlated with the integrity of the subcortical white matter, especially in the frontal lobe (Delanowood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultGeladó, S., Gómez‐Ruiz, I., & Diéguez-Vide, F. (2021) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2021.101038 · Cited by 17
Memory Complaints with and without Memory Impairment: The Impact of Leukoaraiosis on Cognition
Lamar, M., Dannhauser, T. M., Walker, Z., Rodda, J. E., Cutinha, D. J., & Shergill, S. S. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711001123 · Cited by 17
“Preliminary evidence has shown that white matter damage within periventricular brain regions was greater in MCI associated with memory/language deficits while a greater degree of deep white matter damage was found in MCI associated with deficits in executive function/processing speed (Delano-Wood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDevlin, K. N., Brennan, L., Saad, L., Giovannetti, T., Hamilton, R. H., Wolk, D. A., Xie, S. X., & Mechanic-Hamilton, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210455 · Cited by 19
“…38, 42], and non-amnestic groups have been associated with non-AD dementias and pathologies such as vascular dementia and frontotemporal dementia [22, 31, 37, 42], while multi-domain MCI has demonstrated the greatest neuropathological burden and risk of progression [9, 20, 24–26, 29, 32, 33, 43].”
Nicolini, P., Abbate, C., Inglese, S., Mari, D., Rossi, P. D., & Cesari, M. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02435-z · Cited by 17
“Objective cognitive impairment was defined by at least one neuropsychological test having a score below the 10th percentile of the normative score distribution [45, 46].”
MethodEffects of white matter lesions on brain perfusion in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Ishibashi, M., Kimura, N., Aso, Y., & Matsubara, E. (2018) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.02.030 · Cited by 16
“The MCI diagnosis was based on established criteria as revised by Petersen and previous studies, [12, 13] as follows: 1) subjective memory complaints; 2) objective cognitive impairment; 3) absence of dementia; 4) mostly intact cognitive function or activities of daily living; and 5) a score of 0.”
Disentangling Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease: Two Empirically-Derived Subtypes
Blanken, A. E., Dutt, S., Li, Y., Nation, D. A., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190230 · Cited by 16
Libon, D. J., Delano‐Wood, L., Bondi, M. W., & Au, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00478-4 · Cited by 17
Self-citationWang, T., Arnold, M., Huynh, K., Weinisch, P., Giles, C., Mellett, N. A., Duong, T., Marella, B., Nho, K. T., Livera, A. M. D., et al. (2025) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105826 · Cited by 19
“5,6 The transition from MCI to dementia can take a varying length of time, with some individuals remaining stable or reverting to CN. 2,7 The underlying mechanisms contributing to this heterogeneity remain poorly understood.”
Lamar, M., Drabick, D. A. G., Boots, E. A., Agarwal, P., Emrani, S., Delano‐Wood, L., Bondi, M. W., Barnes, L. L., & Libon, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210110 · Cited by 17
“Additionally, these same prior studies have shown that statistically-determined cognitive profiles exist across MCI and ADRD and cognitive subgroups of memory and executive function are highly prevalent [4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 66].”
Self-citationTickell, A. M., Scott, E. M., Davenport, T. A., Iorfino, F., Ospina‐Pinillos, L., Harel, K., Parker, L., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.045 · Cited by 15
Missonnier, P., Herrmann, F. R., Richiardi, J., Rodriguez, C. K., Deiber, M., Gold, G., & Giannakopoulos, P. (2012) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000338815 · Cited by 14
Zammit, A. R., Terrera, G. M., Katz, M. J., Hall, C. B., Ezzati, A., Bennett, D. A., & Lipton, R. B. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180737 · Cited by 14
Werhane, M. L., Thomas, K. R., Bangen, K. J., Weigand, A. J., Edmonds, E. C., Nation, D. A., Sundermann, E. E., Bondi, M. W., & Delano‐Wood, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.716638 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPrefrontal event-related potential markers in association with mild cognitive impairment
Eyamu, J., Kim, W., Kim, K., Lee, K. H., & Kim, J. U. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1273008 · Cited by 15
Pallangyo, P., Mkojera, Z., Komba, M., Mgopa, L. R., Bhalia, S. V., Mayala, H. A., Wibonela, S., Misidai, N., Swai, H. J., Millinga, J., et al. (2021) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02467-3 · Cited by 15
Li, J., Tian, Y., Shi, Y. K., et al. (2024) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-23-1856 · Cited by 11
“The modification of small blood vessels in the brain, influenced by an intricate interplay of factors, is closely associated with conditions such as ischemic stroke, dementia, and depression (1,2).”
Sanderson‐Cimino, M. E., Panizzon, M. S., Elman, J. A., Tu, X. M., Gustavson, D. E., Puckett, O. K., Cross, K., Notestine, R. J., Hatton, S. N., Eyler, L. T., et al. (2021) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000718 · Cited by 11
“There is some evidence that periventricular and deep AWM may also differ in how they relate to cognitive performance (Delano-Wood et al., 2009; Murray et al., 2016; Wiggins et al., 2019); however, the literature is mixed, and few studies have explicitly tested for differences (Bolandzadeh et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRelationship between cortical microinfarcts and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Damasceno, B. P. (2012) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642012dn06030004 · Cited by 11
Emrani, S., Lamar, M., Price, C. C., Baliga, S., Wasserman, V., Matusz, E. F., Saunders, J., Gietka, V., Strate, J., Swenson, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201125 · Cited by 11
Self-citationThe Aged Dog as a Natural Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Araujo, J. A., Baulk, J., & de Rivera, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53219-6_4 · Cited by 9
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tools
Schaefer, L. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_184303 · Cited by 9
Fu, Z., Zhao, M., Li, Y., He, Y., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Han, Y., & Li, S. (2023) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14327 · Cited by 7
“Additionally, previous studies for the MCI 15– 17 have not calculated the associations be-tween the neuroimaging indices and neuropsychological test scores, potentially because of uncertainty in the outcomes.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDidehbani, N., Fields, L. M., Wilmoth, K., LoBue, C., Hart, J., & Cullum, C. M. (2020) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/wnn.0000000000000240 · Cited by 9
Exploring heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment
Goodman, Z. T., Llabre, M. M., Kaur, S., Banerjee, N., McInerney, K., Sun, X., Saporta, A. S. D., & Levin, B. E. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877241290127 · Cited by 7
“6,19 Commonly observed single-domain subtypes have included Amnestic , Linguistic , Dysnomic , and Dysexecutive presentations, while multi-domain subtypes have included Memory/ Language , Memory/Executive , Executive/Visuospatial , and Executive/Processing Speed .”
InfluentialVito, A. N. D., Calamia, M. R., Weitzner, D. S., Bernstein, J. P. K., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2018) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4963 · Cited by 7
A Penalty Approach for Normalizing Feature Distributions to Build Confounder-Free Models
Vento, A., Zhao, Q., Paul, R. H., Pohl, K. M., & Adeli, E. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16437-8_37 · Cited by 7
Hatta, T., Kato, K., Hotta, C., Higashikawa, M., Iwahara, A., Hatta, T., Hatta, J., Fujiwara, K., Nagahara, N., Ito, E., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.130.1.0073 · Cited by 7
Le RAI-Home Care : utilisation, potentiels et limites dans les soins à domicile
Busnel, C., Mastromauro, L., Zecca, W., & Ludwig, C. (2017) · Gérontologie et société · doi:10.3917/gs1.153.0167 · Cited by 7
Hampstead, B. M., & Brown, G. S. (2013) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.007 · Cited by 7
Eyamu, J., Kim, W., Kim, K., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01452-5 · Cited by 6
“These could be attributed to several factors: First, there could be variability in the severity and progression of cognitive decline in patients with MCI due to their heterogeneity [52, 65], thereby influencing heightened disparities observed in ERP patterns in these individuals.”
BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) in long-term care patients: subtype classification and occurrence
Mansbach, W. E., Mace, R. A., & Clark, K. M. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.1003283 · Cited by 6
“, 2004), and on previous research that has confirmed amnestic and executive MCI categories in other older adult populations (Delano-Wood et al., 2009).”
ResultThe Role of Neuropsychology in Prodromal Dementia
Benke, T. (2011) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.11.34 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- DELANO-WOOD, L., BONDI, M. W., SACCO, J., ABELES, N., JAK, A. J., LIBON, D. J., & BOZOKI, A.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 906-914
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- PMC
- PMC3034688
- OpenAlex
- W2022434347
- Semantic Scholar
- 9643c2f0ad3e905372f28afdbac9c929a53e6e30
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG012674, K24AG026431)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, MCI subtypes, white matter lesions, neuropsychological profile, executive function, processing speed, memory impairment, language impairment, periventricular white matter lesions, deep white matter lesions, FLAIR MRI, older adults, dementia risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neuropsychological Tests, Visual Perception, Discriminant Analysis
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