The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health. Evidence from Canada
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To investigate consumption of ultra-processed products in Canada and to assess their association with dietary quality. Design: Application of a classification of foodstuffs based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing to data from a national household food budget survey. Foods are classified as unprocessed/minimally processed foods (Group 1), processed culinary ingredients (Group 2) or ultra-processed products (Group 3). Setting: All provinces and territories of Canada, 2001. Subjects: Households (n 5643). Results: Food purchases provided a mean per capita energy availability of 8908 (se 81) kJ/d (2129 (se 19) kcal/d). Over 61·7 % of dietary energy came from ultra-processed products (Group 3), 25·6 % from Group 1 and 12·7 % from Group 2. The overall diet exceeded WHO upper limits for fat, saturated fat, free sugars and Na density, with less fibre than recommended. It also exceeded the average energy density target of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Group 3 products taken together are more fatty, sugary, salty and energy-dense than a combination of Group 1 and Group 2 items. Only the 20 % lowest consumers of ultra-processed products (who consumed 33·2 % of energy from these products) were anywhere near reaching all nutrient goals for the prevention of obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases. Conclusions: The 2001 Canadian diet was dominated by ultra-processed products. As a group, these products are unhealthy. The present analysis indicates that any substantial improvement of the diet would involve much lower consumption of ultra-processed products and much higher consumption of meals and dishes prepared from minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men
Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1014296 · Cited by 2,527
A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing
Monteiro, C. A., Levy, R. B., Claro, R. M., Castro, I. R. R. D., & Cannon, G. (2010) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2010001100005 · Cited by 991
Self-citationTavares, L. F., Fonseca, S. C., Garcia Rosa, M. L., & Yokoo, E. M. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980011001571 · Cited by 328
Monteiro, C. A., Gomes, F. S., & Cannon, G. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.187666 · Cited by 88
Self-citation
Cited by
Ultra-processed foods: What they are and how to identify them
Monteiro, C. A., Cannon, G., Levy, R. B., Moubarac, J.-C., Louzada, M. L., Rauber, F., Khandpur, N., Cediel, G., Neri, D., Martinez-Steele, E., et al. (2019) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018003762 · Cited by 2,964
Self-citationThe UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing
Monteiro, C. A., Cannon, G., Moubarac, J.-C., Levy, R. B., Louzada, M. L. C., & Jaime, P. C. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017000234 · Cited by 2,333
Self-citationUltra‐processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system
Monteiro, C. A., Moubarac, J. ‐., Cannon, G., Ng, S. W., & Popkin, B. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12107 · Cited by 1,827
Self-citationMoodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal, B., Thamarangsi, T., Lincoln, P., & Casswell, S. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62089-3 · Cited by 1,663
Self-citationPriority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis
Beaglehole, R., Bonita, R., Horton, R., Adams, C., Alleyne, G., Asaria, P., Baugh, V., Bekedam, H., Billo, N., Casswell, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60393-0 · Cited by 1,615
Baker, P., Machado, P., Santos, T., Sievert, K., Backholer, K., Hadjikakou, M., Russell, C., Huse, O., Bell, C., Scrinis, G., et al. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13126 · Cited by 1,194
Fiolet, T., Srour, B., Sellem, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Méjean, C., Deschasaux, M., Fassier, P., Latino-Martel, P., Beslay, M., et al. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k322 · Cited by 1,057
Srour, B., Fezeu, L. K., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Méjean, C., Andrianasolo, R. M., Chazelas, E., Deschasaux, M., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l1451 · Cited by 955
Self-citationMartínez Steele, E., Baraldi, L. G., Louzada, M. L. D. C., Moubarac, J.-C., Mozaffarian, D., & Monteiro, C. A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009892 · Cited by 838
Self-citationConsumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults
Louzada, M. L. D. C., Baraldi, L. G., Steele, E. M., Martins, A. P. B., Canella, D. S., Moubarac, J.-C., Levy, R. B., Cannon, G., Afshin, A., Imamura, F., et al. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.018 · Cited by 656
Self-citationMendonça, R. D. D., Pimenta, A. M., Gea, A., de la Fuente-Arrillaga, C., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Lopes, A. C. S., & Bes-Rastrollo, M. (2016) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.135004 · Cited by 618
Martínez Steele, E., Popkin, B. M., Swinburn, B., & Monteiro, C. A. (2017) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/s12963-017-0119-3 · Cited by 585
“In Canada, similar results have been documented regarding free sugars, total fats, protein, and fiber [10].”
MethodResultSelf-citationMoubarac, J.-C., Parra, D. C., Cannon, G., & Monteiro, C. A. (2014) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0092-0 · Cited by 542
Self-citationPoti, J. M., Mendez, M. A., Ng, S. W., & Popkin, B. M. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.100925 · Cited by 525
Ultra-Processed Food Products and Obesity in Brazilian Households (2008–2009)
Canella, D. S., Levy, R. B., Martins, A. P. B., Claro, R. M., Moubarac, J.-C., Baraldi, L. G., Cannon, G., & Monteiro, C. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092752 · Cited by 535
Self-citationAnand, S. S., Hawkes, C., de Souza, R. J., Mente, A., Dehghan, M., Nugent, R., Zulyniak, M. A., Weis, T., Bernstein, A. M., Krauss, R. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050 · Cited by 507
Poti, J. M., Braga, B., & Qin, B. (2017) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0285-4 · Cited by 484
Mendonça, R. D. D., Lopes, A. C. S., Pimenta, A. M., Gea, A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., & Bes-Rastrollo, M. (2017) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpw137 · Cited by 488
Lerner, A., & Matthias, T. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.009 · Cited by 475
Ultra-processed food consumption and excess weight among US adults
Juul, F., Martinez-Steele, E., Parekh, N., Monteiro, C. A., & Chang, V. W. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518001046 · Cited by 475
Self-citationSrour, B., Fezeu, L. K., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Debras, C., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Chazelas, E., Deschasaux, M., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., et al. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5942 · Cited by 465
Self-citationSchnabel, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Touvier, M., Srour, B., Hercberg, S., Buscail, C., & Julia, C. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7289 · Cited by 390
Ultra-processed Foods and Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Mechanisms of Action
Juul, F., Vaidean, G., & Parekh, N. (2021) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmab049 · Cited by 374
Fardet, A. (2016) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c6fo00107f · Cited by 356
Monteiro, C. A., Cannon, G., Moubarac, J.-C., Martins, A. P. B., Martins, C. A., Garzillo, J., Canella, D. S., Baraldi, L. G., Barciotte, M., Louzada, M. L. D. C., et al. (2015) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980015002165 · Cited by 347
Self-citationNutrition, agriculture and the global food system in low and middle income countries
Popkin, B. M. (2014) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.001 · Cited by 337
Ultra-processed foods and human health: from epidemiological evidence to mechanistic insights
Srour, B., Kordahi, M. C., Bonazzi, E., Deschasaux-Tanguy, M., Touvier, M., & Chassaing, B. (2022) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00169-8 · Cited by 303
Trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Sweden between 1960 and 2010
Juul, F., & Hemmingsson, E. (2015) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980015000506 · Cited by 248
Contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of adults from the French NutriNet-Santé study.
Julia, C., Martinez, L., Allès, B., Touvier, M., Hercberg, S., Méjean, C., & Kesse-Guyot, E. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017001367 · Cited by 235
Processed and Ultra-processed Food Products: Consumption Trends in Canada from 1938 to 2011
Moubarac, J.-C., Batal, M., Martins, A. P. B., Claro, R., Levy, R. B., Cannon, G., & Monteiro, C. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research · doi:10.3148/75.1.2014.15 · Cited by 200
Self-citationSchnabel, L., Buscail, C., Sabate, J.-M., Bouchoucha, M., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Touvier, M., Monteiro, C. A., Hercberg, S., Benamouzig, R., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/s41395-018-0137-1 · Cited by 173
Self-citationDai, S., Wellens, J., Yang, N., Li, D., Wang, J., Wang, L., Yuan, S., He, Y., Song, P., Munger, R., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.016 · Cited by 161
Ultra-processed foods, protein leverage and energy intake in the USA
Martínez Steele, E., Raubenheimer, D., Simpson, S. J., Baraldi, L. G., & Monteiro, C. A. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017001574 · Cited by 144
Self-citationPublic health response to ultra-processed food and drinks
Adams, J., Hofman, K., Moubarac, J.-C., & Thow, A. M. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2391 · Cited by 111
Self-citationMoreira, P. V. L., Baraldi, L. G., Moubarac, J.-C., Monteiro, C. A., Newton, A., Capewell, S., & O’Flaherty, M. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118353 · Cited by 105
Self-citationMoubarac, J.-C., Claro, R. M., Baraldi, L. G., Levy, R. B., Martins, A. P. B., Cannon, G., & Monteiro, C. A. (2013) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2013.796401 · Cited by 108
Self-citationFardet, A., Rock, E., Bassama, J., Bohuon, P., Prabhasankar, P., Monteiro, C., Moubarac, J.-C., & Achir, N. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.008789 · Cited by 106
Self-citationThe food retail revolution in China and its association with diet and health
Zhou, Y., Du, S., Su, C., Zhang, B., Wang, H., & Popkin, B. M. (2015) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.001 · Cited by 102
Characterization of the Degree of Food Processing in Relation With Its Health Potential and Effects
Fardet, A. (2018) · Advances in Food and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.002 · Cited by 93
Added sugars and ultra-processed foods in Spanish households (1990–2010)
Latasa, P., Louzada, M. L. D. C., Martinez Steele, E., & Monteiro, C. A. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0039-0 · Cited by 82
Self-citationMartínez Steele, E., & Monteiro, C. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9030209 · Cited by 68
Self-citationThe Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation Pledge
Ng, S. W., Slining, M. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.029 · Cited by 58
Huybrechts, I., Rauber, F., Nicolas, G., Casagrande, C., Kliemann, N., Wedekind, R., Biessy, C., Scalbert, A., Touvier, M., Aleksandrova, K., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1035580 · Cited by 56
Self-citationReliability and validity of assigning ultraprocessed food categories to 24-h dietary recall data
Sneed, N. M., Ukwuani, S., Sommer, E. C., Samuels, L. R., Truesdale, K. P., Matheson, D., Noerper, T. E., Barkin, S. L., & Heerman, W. J. (2023) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.016 · Cited by 56
Yuan, L., Hu, H., Li, T., Zhang, J., Feng, Y., Yang, X., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Li, X., Huang, H., et al. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo02628g · Cited by 53
Poli, V. F. S., Sanches, R. B., Moraes, A. D. S., Fidalgo, J. P. N., Nascimento, M. A., Bresciani, P., Andrade-Silva, S. G., Cipullo, M. A. T., Clemente, J. C., & Caranti, D. A. (2017) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2017.01.012 · Cited by 52
Boysen, O., Boysen-Urban, K., Bradford, H., & Balié, J. (2019) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.03.006 · Cited by 37
Paquet, C., de Montigny, L., Labban, A., Buckeridge, D., Ma, Y., Arora, N., & Dubé, L. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0540-9 · Cited by 22
Oviedo-Solís, C. I., Monterrubio-Flores, E. A., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Cediel, G., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., & Barquera, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.737432 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Moubarac, J.-C., Martins, A. P. B., Claro, R. M., Levy, R. B., Cannon, G., & Monteiro, C. A.
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-11-21
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2240-2248
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- OpenAlex
- W2171466718
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 19.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
