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We are in the dark here: induction of depression- and anxiety-like behaviours in the diurnal fat sand rat, by short daylight or melatonin injections
Open accessAbstract
Circadian rhythms are considered an important factor in the aetiology, expression and treatment of major affective disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD). However, data on the effects of daylight length manipulation or melatonin administration are complex. It has been suggested that since diurnal and nocturnal mammals differ significantly in their physiological and behavioural responses to daylight, diurnal rodents offer a preferable model of disorders related to circadian rhythms in the diurnal human. We previously found that diurnal fat sand rats maintained under short daylight (SD), show depression-like behaviour in the forced swim test (FST). The present study was designed to test additional behaviours related to affective disorders and study the involvement of melatonin in these behaviours. Sand rats were divided into short-daylight (SD, 5 h light:19 h dark) and long-daylight (LD, 12 h light:12 h dark) groups, and received 100 microg melatonin or vehicle administration for 3 wk (5 h and 8.5 h after light onset in the LD room). Animals were then tested for reward-seeking behaviour (saccharin consumption), anxiety (elevated plus-maze), aggression (resident-intruder test), and depression-like behaviour (FST). SD or melatonin administration resulted in a depressed/anxious-like behavioural phenotype including reduced reward seeking, increased anxiety, decreased aggression and decreased activity in the FST, supporting the notion that in a diurnal animal, reduced light results in a variety of behavioural changes that may model depression and anxiety; and that melatonin may be a significant factor in these changes. We suggest that the sand rat may offer an excellent model species to explore the interactions between daylight, affective behaviour and the related underlying mechanisms.
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The effects of light as a circadian disruptor are inconsistent across species and may depend on the developmental window during which circadian disruption occurs, as well as the type of light and its intensity.
“However, the effects of light as a circadian disruptor are inconsistent across species104–108, and may depend on the developmental window during which circadian disruption occurs, as well as the type of light (i.e. halogen, compact fluorescent, or light emitting diode) and its intensity108,109.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [104]
The Introduction and Discussion say that responses to altered daylight cycles can differ across species, particularly between nocturnal and diurnal animals. Our copy does not address whether the effects depend on a developmental window, light-source type, or light intensity (searched for developmental window and the named light types). No page numbers were available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ashkenazy, T., Einat, H., & Kronfeld-Schor, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota, Duluth (US)
- ORCID
- Einat, Haim
- Venue
- The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-07-17
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 83
- ISSN
- 1461-1457 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5111
- OpenAlex
- W2114896457
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- depression-like behavior, anxiety-like behavior, melatonin, circadian rhythm, fat sand rat, seasonal affective disorder, reward-seeking behavior, saccharin consumption, aggression, forced swim test, elevated plus maze, resident-intruder test
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Anxiety, Body Weight, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Depression, Food Preferences, Gerbillinae, Male, Melatonin, Saccharin, Sweetening Agents, Swimming, Photoperiod
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