Profiling and Characterizing Skin Ceramides Using Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
An LC-MS based method for the profiling and characterization of ceramide species in the upper layer of human skin is described. Ceramide samples, collected by tape stripping of human skin, were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operated in both positive and negative electrospray ionization mode. All known classes of ceramides could be measured in a repeatable manner. Furthermore, the data set showed several undiscovered ceramides, including a class with four hydroxyl functionalities in its sphingoid base. High-resolution MS/MS fragmentation spectra revealed that each identified ceramide species is composed of several skeletal isomers due to variation in carbon length of the respective sphingoid bases and fatty acyl building blocks. The resulting variety in skeletal isomers has not been previously demonstrated. It is estimated that over 1000 unique ceramide structures could be elucidated in human stratum corneum. Ceramide species with an even and odd number of carbon atoms in both chains were detected in all ceramide classes. Acid hydrolysis of the ceramides, followed by LC-MS analysis of the end-products, confirmed the observed distribution of both sphingoid bases and fatty acyl groups in skin ceramides. The study resulted in an accurate mass retention time library for targeted profiling of skin ceramides. It is furthermore demonstrated that targeted data processing results in an improved re…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The composition of ceramide classes/species in the human stratum corneum has previously been analyzed using LC/MS.
“The composition of ceramide classes/species in the human SC has previously been analyzed using LC/MS (5-7, 16, 17, 29, 30).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
In the human stratum corneum, 16 ceramide classes other than SD and β-hydroxy ceramides have been identified.
“In the human SC, 16 ceramide classes other than SD and -hydroxy ceramides have been identified (5)(6)(7).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
More than several hundred ceramide species exist in the human stratum corneum.
“Therefore, more than several hundred ceramide species exist in the human SC (5)(6)(7).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Earlier studies have reported that ceramides with odd-chain FAs exist at high levels in the SC.
“Earlier studies have reported that ceramides with oddchain FAs exist at high levels in the SC (Fig. 3F, supplemental Table S3) (7,55).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
Levy, M., & Futerman, A. H. (2010) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.319 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Changes in the Ceramide Profile of Atopic Dermatitis Patients
Ishikawa, J., Narita, H., Kondo, N., Hotta, M., Takagi, Y., Masukawa, Y., Kitahara, T., Takema, Y., Koyano, S., Yamazaki, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.161 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Characterization of overall ceramide species in human stratum corneum
Masukawa, Y., Narita, H., Shimizu, E., Kondo, N., Sugai, Y., Oba, T., Homma, R., Ishikawa, J., Takagi, Y., Kitahara, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800014-jlr200 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Weerheim, A., & Ponec, M. (2001) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s004030100212 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
LC/MS analysis of stratum corneum lipids: ceramide profiling and discovery
van Smeden, J., Hoppel, L., van der Heijden, R., Hankemeier, T., Vreeken, R. J., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m014456 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Comprehensive quantification of ceramide species in human stratum corneum
Masukawa, Y., Narita, H., Sato, H., Naoe, A., Kondo, N., Sugai, Y., Oba, T., Homma, R., Ishikawa, J., Takagi, Y., et al. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.d800055-jlr200 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The important role of stratum corneum lipids for the cutaneous barrier function
van Smeden, J., Janssens, M., Gooris, G. S., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.006 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Metabolism of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids: Genes and Pathophysiology
Sassa, T., & Kihara, A. (2014) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2014.017 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Kawana, M., Miyamoto, M., Ohno, Y., & Kihara, A. (2020) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.ra120000671 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
1-O-acylceramides are natural components of human and mouse epidermis
Rabionet, M., Bayerle, A., Marsching, C., Jennemann, R., Gröne, H.-J., Yildiz, Y., Wachten, D., Shaw, W., Shayman, J. A., & Sandhoff, R. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m040097 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Hsu, F.-F. (2016) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
- Authors
- t’Kindt, R., Jorge, L., Dumont, E., Couturon, P., David, F., Sandra, P., & Sandra, K.
- Affiliations
- Metablys, President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Research Institute for Chromatography (BE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Sandra, Koen
- Venue
- Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-12-07
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 403-411
- ISSN
- 0003-2700 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6882
- OpenAlex
- W1980997176
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Analytical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- stratum corneum, sphingoid bases, tape stripping, human skin
- MeSH terms
- Ceramides, Chromatography, Liquid, Skin, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
