Cited by 303Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisMetabolism and Genetic DisordersFatty Acid Research and Health

Metabolism of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids: Genes and Pathophysiology

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Sassa, Takayuki, Kihara, Akio·2014·Biomolecules & Therapeutics

Abstract

Fatty acids (FAs) are highly diverse in terms of carbon (C) chain-length and number of double bonds. FAs with C>20 are called very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). VLCFAs are found not only as constituents of cellular lipids such as sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids but also as precursors of lipid mediators. Our understanding on the function of VLCFAs is growing in parallel with the identification of enzymes involved in VLCFA synthesis or degradation. A variety of inherited diseases, such as ichthyosis, macular degeneration, myopathy, mental retardation, and demyelination, are caused by mutations in the genes encoding VLCFA metabolizing enzymes. In this review, we describe mammalian VLCFAs by highlighting their tissue distribution and metabolic pathways, and we discuss responsible genes and enzymes with reference to their roles in pathophysiology.

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Crossref · 10.4062/biomolther.2014.017

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  • Half of myelin sphingolipids contain VLCFAs (C > 22).

    “Half of myelin sphingolipids contain VLCFAs (C > 22) [213,214,215].”

    From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [213]

    The “2-HYDROXYLATED (2-OH) VLCFAS IN THE MYELIN” section says myelin contains abundant C24 galactosylceramides and sulfatides, supporting the presence of VLCFA-containing sphingolipids in myelin. The “C24 VLCFAS IN SPHINGOLIPIDS” section gives an almost-50% figure for liver sphingomyelin, not myelin sphingolipids; it does not establish the claimed proportion in myelin. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • VLCFAs increase membrane stiffness, thereby decreasing fluidity, and are likely critical for proper myelin function, myelination, myelin maintenance, and neuron polarity during CNS development.

    “VLCFAs increase membrane stiffness, thereby decreasing fluidity, and they are likely critical for proper myelin function [191,213,214,217], myelination [218], myelin maintenance [207,213,215], and neuron polarity during CNS development [219].”

    From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [213]

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Authors
Sassa, T., & Kihara, A.
Affiliations
Hokkaido University (JP)
Corresponding author
Kihara, Akio
Venue
Biomolecules & Therapeutics
Published
2014-03-31
Volume
22
Issue
2
Pages
83-92
ISSN
  • 1976-9148 (ISSN-L)
  • 2005-4483
OpenAlex
W2009332633
Cited by
302
References
95
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biomolecules & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23370057, 24590073)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
very long chain fatty acids, fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid degradation, ichthyosis, macular degeneration, myopathy, demyelination, lipid mediators, sphingolipids, tissue distribution

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