Microbes and the next nitrogen revolution
Abstract
The Haber Bosch process is among the greatest inventions of the 20th century. It provided agriculture with reactive nitrogen and ultimately mankind with nourishment for a population of 7 billion people. However, the present agricultural practice of growing crops for animal production and human food constitutes a major threat to the sustainability of the planet in terms of reactive nitrogen pollution. In view of the shortage of directly feasible and cost-effective measures to avoid these planetary nitrogen burdens and the necessity to remediate this problem, we foresee the absolute need for and expect a revolution in the use of microbes as a source of protein. Bypassing land-based agriculture through direct use of Haber Bosch produced nitrogen for reactor-based production of microbial protein can be an inspiring concept for the production of high quality animal feed and even straightforward supply of proteinaceous products for human food, without significant nitrogen losses to the environment and without the need for genetic engineering to safeguard feed and food supply for the generations to come.
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Plant factory systems can achieve extremely high productivity and low GHG emissions without altering land-use change compared with traditional systems.
“Such systems can achieve extremely high productivity and low GHG emissions without altering land-use change compared with the traditional systems.143,144”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [143]
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- Authors
- Pikaar, I., Matassa, S., Rabaey, K., Bodirsky, B. L., Popp, A., Herrero, M., & Verstraete, W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Verstraete, Willy
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-06-07
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 7297-7303
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2618443559
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- microbial protein, Haber-Bosch process, animal feed, alternative protein sources, nitrogen use efficiency, food security
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Animal Feed, Bacteria, Environmental Pollution, Food Supply, Humans, Nitrogen, Crops, Agricultural, Bioreactors
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