Nanopore-Based DNA Hard Drives for Rewritable and Secure Data Storage
Open accessAbstract
Nanopores are powerful single-molecule tools for label-free sensing of nanoscale molecules including DNA that can be used for building designed nanostructures and performing computations. Here, DNA hard drives (DNA-HDs) are introduced based on DNA nanotechnology and nanopore sensing as a rewritable molecular memory system, allowing for storing, operating, and reading data in the changeable three-dimensional structure of DNA. Writing and erasing data are significantly improved compared to previous molecular storage systems by employing controllable attachment and removal of molecules on a long double-stranded DNA. Data reading is achieved by detecting the single molecules at the millisecond time scale using nanopores. The DNA-HD also ensures secure data storage where the data can only be read after providing the correct physical molecular keys. Our approach allows for easy-writing and easy-reading, rewritable, and secure data storage toward a promising miniature scale integration for molecular data storage and computation.
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Information can be stored in the 3D structures of DNA assemblies instead of in the sequence, with readout relying on imaging techniques or single-molecule nanopore measurements.
“Information can thus be stored in the 3D structures of these assemblies instead of in the sequence, with readout relying on imaging techniques, such as super resolution imaging,22 or using single-molecule nanopore measurements.23,25”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Storage mainly contributes to shifts in the copy number distribution of sequences, leading to unrecoverable loss of individual sequences over time, e.g., 8% after 94% of the DNA has decayed (four half-lives).
“storage mainly contributes to shifts in the copy number distribution of the sequences, which leads to the unrecoverable loss of individual sequences over time, e.g., 8% after 94% of the DNA has decayed (i.e., four half-lives).”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
The data density that has been attained so far using DNA secondary structure is much lower because it requires ∼100 base pairs per bit.
“the data density that has been attained so far using DNA secondary structure is much lower because it requires ∼100 base pairs per bit.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Reversible Watson-Crick base pairing means that data storage platforms based on DNA nanostructures can be erased and rewritten multiple times without requiring laborious chemical synthesis, which decreases the synthetic demand and cost associated with these methods.
“The reversible Watson–Crick base pairing means that, unlike data encoded directly into the primary DNA sequence, data storage platforms based on DNA nanostructures can be “erased” and “rewritten” multiple times without requiring any laborious chemical synthesis, which decreases the synthetic demand and cost associated with these methods.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
A single DNA hard drive can be read out on the millisecond time scale using a quartz nanopore because of the superior signal-to-noise ratio compared with DNA sequencing.
“One of the major benefits of this method is their high speed: a single “DNA hard drive” can be read out on the millisecond time scale using a quartz nanopore because of the superior signal-to-noise ratio when compared with DNA sequencing.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Quartz nanopores can read out DNA hairpins along a carrier strand with a density of approximately 1 bit per 30 nm, about 3 times the data density of conventional hard drives.
“Now, these quartz nanopores can read out DNA hairpins along a carrier strand with a density of approximately 1 bit per 30 nm—ca. 3 times the data density of conventional hard drives.25”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Chen, K., Zhu, J., Bošković, F., & Keyser, U. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Cambridge , , JJ Thomson Avenue , ,
- Corresponding author
- Keyser, Ulrich F.
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-03-30
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3754-3760
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- OpenAlex
- W3013432921
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 6.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nano Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M008258/1)
- H2020 European Research Council (647144)
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Biological Computing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- nanopore sensing, DNA nanotechnology, DNA data storage, secure data storage, single-molecule detection, molecular computing
- MeSH terms
- DNA, Information Storage and Retrieval, Nanotechnology, Nanopores
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