Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen with Deep-Red Emission for Through-Skull Three-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Mouse
Abstract
Imaging the brain with high integrity is of great importance to neuroscience and related applications. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two clinically used modalities for deep-penetration brain imaging. However, their spatial resolution is quite limited. Two-photon fluorescence microscopic (2PFM) imaging with its femtosecond (fs) excitation wavelength in the traditional near-infrared (NIR) region (700-1000 nm) is able to realize deep-tissue and high-resolution brain imaging. However, it requires craniotomy and cranial window or skull-thinning techniques due to photon scattering of the excitation light. Herein, based on a type of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) DCDPP-2TPA with a large three-photon absorption (3PA) cross section at 1550 nm and deep-red emission, we realized through-skull three-photon fluorescence microscopic (3PFM) imaging of mouse cerebral vasculature without craniotomy and skull-thinning. Reduced photon scattering of a 1550 nm fs excitation laser allowed it to effectively penetrate the skull and tightly focus onto DCDPP-2TPA nanoparticles (NPs) in the cerebral vasculature, generating bright three-photon fluorescence (3PF) signals. In vivo 3PF images of the cerebral vasculature at various vertical depths were obtained, and a vivid 3D reconstruction of the vascular architecture beneath the skull was built. As deep as 300 μm beneath the skull, small blood vessels of 2.4 μm could still be recognized.
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- Authors
- Wang, Y., Chen, M., Alifu, N., Li, S., Qin, W., Qin, A., Tang, B. Z., & Qian, J.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang Normal University (CN)
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Qin, Anjun
- Tang, Ben Zhong
- Qian, Jun
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-10-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 10452-10461
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2762534712
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25
- FWCI
- 9.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (16305015, 16308016, N-HKUST604/14)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2013CB834701, 2013CB834704, 2015AA020515)
- University Grants Committee (AoE/P-03/08)
- Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC-CNERC14SC01)
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR17F050001)
- Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20160229205601482)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- aggregation-induced emission, deep-red emission, cerebrovascular imaging, 1550 nm excitation, three-photon absorption, nanoparticle contrast agents, in vivo brain imaging, 3D vascular reconstruction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Particle Size, Surface Properties, Molecular Structure, Photons, Mice, Nanoparticles, Optical Imaging
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