Multi-Stimulus-Responsive Shape-Memory Polymer Nanocomposite Network Cross-Linked by Cellulose Nanocrystals
Abstract
In this study, we developed a thermoresponsive and water-responsive shape-memory polymer nanocomposite network by chemically cross-linking cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The nanocomposite network was fully characterized, including the microstructure, cross-link density, water contact angle, water uptake, crystallinity, thermal properties, and static and dynamic mechanical properties. We found that the PEG[60]-PCL[40]-CNC[10] nanocomposite exhibited excellent thermo-induced and water-induced shape-memory effects in water at 37 °C (close to body temperature), and the introduction of CNC clearly improved the mechanical properties of the mixture of both PEG and PCL polymers with low molecular weights. In addition, Alamar blue assays based on osteoblasts indicated that the nanocomposites possessed good cytocompatibility. Therefore, this thermoresponsive and water-responsive shape-memory nanocomposite could be potentially developed into a new smart biomaterial.
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Cross-linking CNCs with low molecular weight PEG and PCL effectively enhanced the material's mechanical strength, with tensile stress of 6.28 MPa and elongation at break of 160% for PEG[60] PCL[40] CNC[10] containing 10 wt% CNCs.
“the strategy to cross-link CNCs with low molecular weight PEG and PCL was proven to be effective for the enhancement of the materials' mechanical strength by variation of the PEG content and the incorporation of the nanocrystals (tensile stress of 6.28 MPa and elongation to break of 160% for PEG[60] PCL[40] CNC[10], CNCs of 10 wt%).”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [182]
Liu et al. described an approach for the production of thermos-responsive and water-responsive SMCs by using CNCs as a cross-linking agent.
“Liu et al. described an interesting approach for the production of thermos-responsive and water-responsive SMCs by using CNCs as a cross-linking agent [182].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [182]
The PEG[60]-PCL[40]-CNC[10] biocompatible nanocomposite exhibited excellent thermoinduced and water-induced shape-memory effects (temperature range close to the human body temperature).
“The PEG[60]-PCL[40]-CNC[10] biocompatible nanocomposite exhibited excellent thermoinduced and water-induced shape-memory effects (temperature range close to the human body temperature) as presented in Fig. 14(a) and (b).”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [182]
For the water responsive case the films presented a certain degree of swelling, which was directly related to their biodegradability.
“For the water responsive case the films presented a certain degree of swelling, which was directly related to their biodegradability.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [182]
The PEG-PCL-CNC system had good hydrophilicity, biocompatibility of all used components, controllable biodegradability, and good cytocompatibility against osteoblast cells.
“Another great advantage of this system was its good hydrophilicity (presence of CNCs and PEG), biocompatibility of all used components, controllable biodegradability as well as good cytocompatibility against osteoblast cells.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [182]
In both cases, the Rr was around 85% and the materials shape-memory properties depended on the polymer degree of crystallinity and the materials degree of cross-linking.
“In both cases, the Rr was around 85% and the materials shape-memory properties depended on the polymer degree of crystallinity and the materials degree of cross-linking.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [182]
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- Authors
- Liu, Y., Li, Y., Yang, G., Zheng, X., & Zhou, S.
- Affiliations
- Southwest Jiaotong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Shaobing
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-02-16
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4118-4126
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W2056123818
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 23.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (20120184110029)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2012BAI17B06, 2012CB933600)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51173150, 51203130, 51373138)
- Sichuan Province (14TD0050)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, cellulose nanocrystals, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, temperature-responsive materials, water-responsive materials, crosslinking, cytocompatibility, osteoblasts, smart biomaterials, mechanical properties, water absorption
- MeSH terms
- Biocompatible Materials, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Cellulose, Humans, Osteoblasts, Polymers, Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites
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