Rapidly switchable water-sensitive shape-memory cellulose/elastomer nano-composites
Abstract
We report a new phenomenon in which the reversible formation and disruption of a cellulose nano-whisker (CNW) percolation network in an elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix leads to an unprecedentedly rapidly switchable shape-memory effect (SME) that may be activated by water. The materials have been fully characterized to investigate the SME phenomenon using a number of different experimental techniques including cyclic tensile deformation, dynamic mechanical analysis, FTIR and polarized Raman spectroscopy. A model is developed in which it is shown that exposure to water allows breakup of the CNW percolation network so that the flexible elastomer matrix can be deformed to the desired shape. The CNW percolation network reforms after drying to provide a fixing force for the temporary shape. The entropy elasticity of the TPU matrix then enables rapid shape recovery when the CNW percolation network is disrupted again during wetting. This completely athermal water-sensitive SME mechanism is totally different from traditional ones, in which the water or other solvents are used as plasticizers to lower the glass transition temperature of shape memory polymers, so as to allow triggering of the shape recovery at room temperature or lower. The reported work provides a novel and effective strategy to achieve rapidly switchable shape recovery in a material by a simple wetting process and fixing through an easily applicable programmed drying process.
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Zhu et al. prepared cellulose nanowhisker/polyurethane elastomer showing water-active SME with rapid shape fixing and rapid shape recovery after a mild programming cycle.
“Zhu et al. [412] prepared cellulose nanowhisker/ polyurethane elastomer showing water-active SME with rapid shape fixing (removal of the water from SMPs) and rapid shape recovery (penetration of water into SMPs) after a mild programming cycle.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [412]
The water triggering in Zhu et al.'s sample was based on the combination of nanofiller percolation network chemo-mechanical adaptability and the entropic elasticity of the elastomer.
“The sample water triggering in this case was made on the successful combination of the nanofiller percolation network chemo-mechanical adaptability and the entropic elasticity of the elastomer.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [184]
Zhu et al. (2012) reported elastomeric thermoplastic PU/CNCs materials with rapidly switchable shape recovery of 10 min.
“in 2012 Zhu et al. reported novel and effective strategy to design elastomeric thermoplastic PU/CNCs materials with rapidly switchable shape recovery (10 min) [184].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [184]
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- Authors
- Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Luo, H., Young, R. J., Deng, L., Zhang, S., Fan, Y., & Ye, G.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Jinlian
- Venue
- Soft Matter
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2509
- ISSN
- 1744-683X (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6848
- OpenAlex
- W2018112977
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 30.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soft Matter (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Keywords
- shape memory effect, thermoplastic polyurethane, rubber nanocomposites, percolation network, entropic elasticity, wetting-drying cycles
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