Insights into Biochar and Hydrochar Production and Applications: A Review

Zhang, Zhikun; Zhu, Zongyuan; Shen, Boxiong; Liu, Lina

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.035

Cited by 687Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesAdsorption and biosorption for pollutant removalSoil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

Insights into Biochar and Hydrochar Production and Applications: A Review

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Zhang, Zhikun, Zhu, Zongyuan, Shen, Boxiong, Liu, Lina·2019·Energy

DOI 10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.035

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Ash content was the lowest in woody biochars (1.5-3.0%) and the highest in peanut shell biochars (7.0-12.0%).
“the ash content was the lowest in woody biochars (1.5-3.0%) and the highest in peanut shell biochars (7.0-12.0%)”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Zhang et al. 2019
Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin undergo hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration to produce intermediates such as furfural and finally polymerization to produce hydrochar.
“These components undergo a series of hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration to produce intermediates such as furfural and finally polymerization to produce hydrochar [41].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Li and Liu (2014) prepared walnut shell-derived hydrochar, activated hydrochar, and activated hydrochar on ZnO composites for supercapacitors; specific surface area of activated hydrochar on ZnO and activated hydrochar exhibited 819 and 1073 m2/g; compared to activated hydrochar, activated hydrochar on ZnO composite showed 117.4 F/g specific capacitance at 0.5 A/g in KOH aqueous solution, stable
“Li and Liu (2014) prepared a walnut shell-derived hydrochar, activated hydrochar, and prepared activated hydrochar on ZnO composites for the making of supercapacitors [41].The specific surface area of the activated hydrochar on ZnO and activated hydrochar exhibited 819 and 1073 m 2 /g, respectively.Compared to the activated hydrochar, activated hydrochar on ZnO composite showed 117.4 F/g of”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Hydrothermal carbonization typically occurs at temperatures ranging from 180 to 250°C and pressures between 2 and 6 MPa.
“The HTC process typically occurs at temperatures ranging from 180 to 250 • C and pressures between 2 and 6 MPa [30].”
From Algal-Based Carbonaceous Materials for Environmental Remediation: Advances in Wastewater Treatment, Carbon Sequestration, and Biofuel Applications (2025) · cites this paper as [30]

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Background
Preparation, environmental application and prospect of biochar-supported metal nanoparticles: A review
Liu, J., Jiang, J., Meng, Y., Aihemaiti, A., Xu, Y., Xiang, H., Gao, Y., & Chen, X. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122026 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review
Srivatsav, P., Bhargav, B. S., Shanmugasundaram, V., Arun, J., Gopinath, K. P., & Bhatnagar, A. (2020) · Water · doi:10.3390/w12123561 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
A Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Potential Biomass Wastes, Characterization and Environmental Applications of Hydrochar, and Biorefinery Perspectives of the Process
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CO2 capture materials: a review of current trends and future challenges
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Novel insights into the adsorption of organic contaminants by biochar: A review
Luo, Z., Yao, B. W., Yang, X. L., Wang, L., Xu, Z., Yan, X., Lin, T., Zhou, H., & Zhou, Y. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132113 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Application of co-pyrolysis biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates
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Characterization and sulfonamide antibiotics adsorption capacity of spent coffee grounds based biochar and hydrochar
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Analysis of the long-term effectiveness of biochar immobilization remediation on heavy metal contaminated soil and the potential environmental factors weakening the remediation effect: A review
Wang, J., Shi, L., Zhai, L., Zhang, H., Wang, S., Zou, J., Shen, Z., Lian, C., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111261 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
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Biochar production and applications in agro and forestry systems: a review
Wang, D., Jiang, P., Zhang, H., & Yuan, W. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137775 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
A comprehensive review of biomass based thermochemical conversion technologies integrated with CO2 capture and utilisation within BECCS networks
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Production and characterization of hydrochars and their application in soil improvement and environmental remediation
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Review on recent progress in chitosan/chitin-carbonaceous material composites for the adsorption of water pollutants
Ahmed, M. J., Hameed, B. H., & Hummadi, E. H. (2020) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116690 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Effect of biomass type and pyrolysis temperature on nitrogen in biochar, and the comparison with hydrochar
Xu, S., Chen, J., Peng, H., Leng, S., Li, H., Qu, W., Hu, Y., Li, H., Jiang, S., Zhou, W., et al. (2021) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120128 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Biochar application: A sustainable approach to improve soil health
Yadav, S. P. S., Bhandari, S., Bhatta, D., Poudel, A., Bhattarai, S., Yadav, P., Ghimire, N. P., Paudel, P., Paudel, P., Shrestha, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100498 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
A review on biochar-mediated anaerobic digestion with enhanced methane recovery
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Chemical and biological immobilization mechanisms of potentially toxic elements in biochar-amended soils
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A Review of Thermochemical Conversion of Waste Biomass to Biofuels
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The rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials towards next-generation energy storage: A review
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A comprehensive review on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass and its applications
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Insight into the co-pyrolysis of different blended feedstocks to biochar for the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants: A review
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Biochar based catalysts for the abatement of emerging pollutants: a review
Do Minh, T., Song, J., Deb, A., Cha, L., Srivastava, V., & Sillanpää, M. (2020) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.124856 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
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Application Research of Biochar for the Remediation of Soil Heavy Metals Contamination: A Review
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CO2 capture by adsorption on biomass-derived activated char: A review.
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The roles of co-composted biochar (COMBI) in improving soil quality, crop productivity, and toxic metal amelioration
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A complete review on the oxygen-containing functional groups of biochar: Formation mechanisms, detection methods, engineering, and applications
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Life cycle assessment of biochar-to-soil systems: A review
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Integration of biogas systems into a carbon zero and hydrogen economy: a review
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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: A Review of Hydrochar Preparation and Environmental Application
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Biochar: From by-products of agro-industrial lignocellulosic waste to tailored carbon-based catalysts for biomass thermochemical conversions
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Advances in Post‐Combustion CO 2 Capture by Physical Adsorption: From Materials Innovation to Separation Practice
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Biomass-derived activated carbon nanocomposites for cleaner production: A review on aspects of photocatalytic pollutant degradation
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Waste-derived biochar: Applications and future perspective in microbial fuel cells
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Recent advancements and challenges in emerging applications of biochar-based catalysts
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Towards Negative Emissions: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Sustainable Carbon Materials
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Microalgal-based biochar in wastewater remediation: Its synthesis, characterization and applications
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Waste to catalyst: Role of agricultural waste in water and wastewater treatment
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Recent advances and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials for supercapacitors: A review
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Adsorptive removal of sulfonamides, tetracyclines and quinolones from wastewater and water using carbon-based materials: Recent developments and future directions
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Biochar based nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic pollutants from water and wastewater
Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2021) · Materials Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111262 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Biochar induced modifications in soil properties and its impacts on crop growth and production
Murtaza, G., Ahmed, Z., Usman, M., Tariq, W., Ullah, Z., Shareef, M., Iqbal, H., Waqas, M. A., Tariq, A., Wu, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2021.1871746 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Biochars as media for air pollution control systems: Contaminant removal, applications and future research directions
Gwenzi, W., Chaukura, N., Wenga, T., & Mtisi, M. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142249 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Synthesis of Biochar From Lignocellulosic Biomass for Diverse Industrial Applications and Energy Harvesting: Effects of Pyrolysis Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Biochar
Mukherjee, A., Patra, B. R., Podder, J., & Dalai, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2022.870184 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Enhancing peroxymonosulfate activation by Co-Fe layered double hydroxide catalysts via compositing with biochar
Ye, Q., Wu, J., Wu, P., Rehman, S. U., Ahmed, Z., & Zhu, N. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129111 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Biochar versus bone char for a sustainable inorganic arsenic mitigation in water: What needs to be done in future research?
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A review of mechanism and adsorption capacities of biochar-based engineered composites for removing aquatic pollutants from contaminated water
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Wet organic waste treatment via hydrothermal processing: A critical review
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Layered double hydroxides/biochar composites as adsorbents for water remediation applications: recent trends and perspectives
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Biochar-based composites for remediation of polluted wastewater and soil environments: Challenges and prospects
Issaka, E., Fapohunda, F. O., Amu‐Darko, J. N. O., Yeboah, L., Yakubu, S., Varjani, S., Ali, N., & Bilal, M. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134163 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Soybean biodiesel production using synergistic CaO/Ag nano catalyst: Process optimization, kinetic study, and economic evaluation
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Sustainable management of unavoidable biomass wastes
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Multianalytical characterization of biochar and hydrochar produced from waste biomasses for environmental and agricultural applications
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Authors: Zhang, Z., Zhu, Z., Shen, B., & Liu, L.
Affiliations: Hebei University of Technology (CN)
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (CN)
National University of Singapore (SG)
Corresponding author: Shen, Boxiong
Liu, Lina
ORCID: Zhang, Zhikun
Zhu, Zongyuan
Shen, Boxiong
Liu, Lina
Venue: Energy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-03
Volume: 171
Pages: 581-598
ISSN: 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.035
OpenAlex: W2908878643
Cited by: 687
References: 262
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 31
FWCI: 27.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Energy (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders: Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (51808180)
Hebei Province Department of Education (BJ2017032)
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2018202180)
Key Project Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (18JCZDJC39800)
Science and Technology Key Project of Tangshan (18PTZWHZ00010)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Keywords: biochar, hydrochar, biomass pyrolysis, thermochemical conversion, reaction mechanism, energy balance, economic feasibility, feedstock type, reaction temperature, adsorbents, catalyst precursors, soil amendment, anaerobic digestion, composting, electrochemical energy storage

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