Observation of a novel PFOS-precursor, the perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol-based phosphate (SAmPAP) diester, in marine sediments
Abstract
The environmental occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) can arise from its direct use as well as from transformation of precursors ((N-alkyl substituted) perfluorooctane sulfonamides; FOSAMs). Perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol-based phosphate (SAmPAP) esters are among numerous potential PFOS-precursors which have not been previously detected in the environment and for which little is known about their stability. Based on their high production volume during the 1970s-2002 and widespread use in food contact paper and packaging, SAmPAP esters may be potentially significant sources of PFOS. Here we report for the first time on the environmental occurrence of SAmPAP diester in marine sediments from an urbanized marine harbor in Vancouver, Canada. SAmPAP diester concentrations in sediment (40-200 pg/g dry weight) were similar to those of PFOS (71-180 pg/g). A significant (p < 0.05) correlation was observed between SAmPAP diester and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetate (an anticipated degradation product of SAmPAP diester). ∑PFOS-precursor (FOSAM) concentrations in sediment (120-1100 pg/g) were 1.6-24 times greater than those of PFOS in sediment. Although SAmPAP diester was not detected in water, PFOS was observed at concentrations up to 710 pg/L. Among the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances monitored in the present work, mean log-transformed sediment/water distribution coefficients ranged from 2.3 to 4.3 and increased with number of CF(2) units and N-alkyl substitution (in the case of FOSAMs). Overall, these results highlight the importance of FOSAMs as potentially significant sources of PFOS, in particular for urban marine environments.
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PFOS is known to be a final transformation product of some PFASs, including N-alkyl substituted perfluorooctane sulfonamides and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol.
“This is because PFOS is known to be the final transformation product of some PFASs such as (N-alkyl substituted) perfluorooctane sulfonamides and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (D'eon et al., 2006;Benskin et al., 2012;Zhao et al., 2016).”
From Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river (2016) · cites this paper as Benskin et al., 2012
PFOS precursors transform to PFOS in air, water (including wastewater treatment), and soils.
“The transformation of PFOS-precursors to PFOS happens in air, water (including waste water treatment), and soils.”
From Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river (2016) · cites this paper as Benskin et al., 2012
DiSAmPAP was first detected in marine sediments in Vancouver, Canada, at a concentration comparable to PFOS.
“As a potential significant source of PFOS, DiSAmPAP was first detected in marine sediments in Vancouver, Canada, at a concentration comparable to PFOS (Benskin et al., 2012).”
From Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as Benskin et al., 2012
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Benskin, J. P., Ikonomou, M. G., Gobas, F. A. P. C., Woudneh, M. B., & Cosgrove, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- AXYS Technologies (Canada) (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Benskin, Jonathan P.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-05-31
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6505-6514
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2320485669
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonamide, marine sediment, degradation products, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
- MeSH terms
- Fluorocarbons, Quality Control, Seawater, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Geologic Sediments
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