Migration of fluorochemical paper additives from food-contact paper into foods and food simulants
Abstract
Fluorochemical-treated paper was tested to determine the amount of migration that occurs into foods and food-simulating liquids and the characteristics of the migration. Migration characteristics of fluorochemicals from paper were examined in Miglyol, butter, water, vinegar, water-ethanol solutions, emulsions and pure oil containing small amounts of emulsifiers. Additionally, microwave popcorn and chocolate spread were used to investigate migration. Results indicate that fluorochemicals paper additives do migrate to food during actual package use. For example, we found that microwave popcorn contained 3.2 fluorochemical mg kg(-1) popcorn after popping and butter contained 0.1 mg kg(-1) after 40 days at 4 degrees C. Tests also indicate that common food-simulating liquids for migration testing and package material evaluation might not provide an accurate indication of the amount of fluorochemical that actually migrates to food. Tests show that oil containing small amounts of an emulsifier can significantly enhance migration of a fluorochemical from paper.
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- Authors
- Begley, T. H., Hsu, W., Noonan, G., & Diachenko, G.
- Affiliations
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Begley, T. H.
- ORCID
- Noonan, G.
- Venue
- Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 384-390
- ISSN
- 1944-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-0057
- OpenAlex
- W2024698672
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food Additives & Contaminants Part A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Science and PVC
- Keywords
- food contact paper, papermaking additives, Miglyol, food simulants, butter, chocolate spread, emulsifiers, oil-in-water emulsions, food packaging
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Consumer Product Safety, Fluorocarbons, Food Contamination, Food Technology, Paper, Food Packaging
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