The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Carbon Emissions of Infrastructure Development
Abstract
Identifying strategies for reconciling human development and climate change mitigation requires an adequate understanding of how infrastructures contribute to well-being and greenhouse gas emissions. While direct emissions from infrastructure use are well-known, information about indirect emissions from their construction is highly fragmented. Here, we estimated the carbon footprint of the existing global infrastructure stock in 2008, assuming current technologies, to be 122 (-20/+15) Gt CO2. The average per-capita carbon footprint of infrastructures in industrialized countries (53 (± 6) t CO2) was approximately 5 times larger that that of developing countries (10 (± 1) t CO2). A globalization of Western infrastructure stocks using current technologies would cause approximately 350 Gt CO2 from materials production, which corresponds to about 35-60% of the remaining carbon budget available until 2050 if the average temperature increase is to be limited to 2 °C, and could thus compromise the 2 °C target. A promising but poorly explored mitigation option is to build new settlements using less emissions-intensive materials, for example by urban design; however, this strategy is constrained by a lack of bottom-up data on material stocks in infrastructures. Infrastructure development must be considered in post-Kyoto climate change agreements if developing countries are to participate on a fair basis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision
Zlotnik, H. (2007) · United Nations eBooks · Cited by 7,898
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Paustian, K. H., Ravindranath, N. H., & van Amstel, A. R. (2006) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 6,706
Climate change 2001: synthesis report
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-4660 · Cited by 5,272
Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C
Meinshausen, M., Meinshausen, N., Hare, W., Raper, S. C. B., Frieler, K., Knutti, R., Frame, D. J., & Allen, M. R. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08017 · Cited by 2,775
Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence
Newman, P. W. G., & Kenworthy, J. R. (1999) · Cited by 2,069
Carbon Footprint of Nations: A Global, Trade-Linked Analysis
Hertwich, E. G., & Peters, G. P. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803496a · Cited by 1,715
Growth in emission transfers via international trade from 1990 to 2008
Peters, G. P., Minx, J. C., Weber, C. L., & Edenhofer, O. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006388108 · Cited by 1,599
C ARBON D IOXIDE E MISSIONS FROM THE G LOBAL C EMENT I NDUSTRY
Worrell, E., Price, L., Martin, N., Hendriks, C., & Meida, L. O. (2001) · Annual Review of Energy and the Environment · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.303 · Cited by 1,488
Future CO 2 Emissions and Climate Change from Existing Energy Infrastructure
Davis, S. J., Caldeira, K., & Matthews, H. D. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188566 · Cited by 1,399
Material efficiency: A white paper
Allwood, J. M., Ashby, M. F., Gutowski, T. G., & Worrell, E. (2011) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.11.002 · Cited by 927
Cited by
Buildings as a global carbon sink
Churkina, G., Organschi, A., Reyer, C. P. O., Ruff, A., Vinke, K., Liu, Z., Reck, B. K., Graedel, T. E., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0462-4 · Cited by 1,045
Six research priorities for cities and climate change
Bai, X., Dawson, R. J., Ürge-Vorsatz, D., Delgado, G. C., Salisu Barau, A., Dhakal, S., Dodman, D., Leonardsen, L., Masson-Delmotte, V., Roberts, D. C., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02409-z · Cited by 704
Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., Lauk, C., Haas, W., Tanikawa, H., Fishman, T., Miatto, A., Schandl, H., & Haberl, H. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1613773114 · Cited by 710
Pauliuk, S. (2018) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.019 · Cited by 554
Self-citationGlobal scenarios of urban density and its impacts on building energy use through 2050
Güneralp, B., Zhou, Y., Ürge-Vorsatz, D., Gupta, M., Yu, S., Patel, P. L., Fragkias, M., Li, X., & Seto, K. C. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1606035114 · Cited by 543
Krausmann, F., Lauk, C., Haas, W., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2018) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003 · Cited by 404
Increased carbon footprint of materials production driven by rise in investments
(2021) · doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00690-8 · Cited by 355
Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Dantas-Torres, F. (2015) · International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife · doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.07.001 · Cited by 324
Land use change and carbon emissions of a transformation to timber cities
Mishra, A., Humpenöder, F., Churkina, G., Reyer, C. P. O., Beier, F., Bodirsky, B. L., Schellnhuber, H. J., Lotze-Campen, H., & Popp, A. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32244-w · Cited by 279
Urban infrastructure choices structure climate solutions
Creutzig, F., Agoston, P., Minx, J. C., Canadell, J. G., Andrew, R. M., Quéré, C. L., Peters, G. P., Sharifi, A., Yamagata, Y., & Dhakal, S. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3169 · Cited by 266
Razzaq, A., Ajaz, T., Li, J. C., Irfan, M., & Suksatan, W. (2021) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102302 · Cited by 253
(2023) · Climate Change 2022 - Mitigation of Climate Change · doi:10.1017/9781009157926.004 · Cited by 253
Heeren, N., & Hellweg, S. (2019) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12739 · Cited by 218
Carbon sequestration and storage in the built environment
Arehart, J. H., Hart, J., Pomponi, F., & D'Amico, B. (2021) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2021.02.028 · Cited by 210
The greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options for materials used in UK construction
Giesekam, J., Barrett, J., Taylor, P., & Owen, A. (2014) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.04.035 · Cited by 202
A path transition towards a bioeconomy–the crucial role of sustainability
Gawel, E., Pannicke, N., & Hagemann, N. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11113005 · Cited by 176
Cai, B., Li, W., Dhakal, S., & Wang, J. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.038 · Cited by 67
Dillman, K., Czepkiewicz, M., Heinonen, J., Fazeli, R., Árnadóttir, Á., Davíðsdóttir, B., & Shafiei, E. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102614 · Cited by 57
Mining threats in high‐level biodiversity conservation policies
Torres, A., zu Ermgassen, S. O. S. E., Navarro, L. M., Ferri‐Yanez, F., Teixeira, F. Z., Wittkopp, C., Rosa, I. M. D., & Liu, J. (2024) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.14261 · Cited by 15
Shealy, T., Klotz, L., Weber, E. U., Johnson, E. J., & Bell, R. G. (2019) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000692 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Müller, D. B., Liu, G., Løvik, A. N., Modaresi, R., Pauliuk, S., Steinhoff, F. S., & Brattebø, H.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-10-03
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 11739-11746
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2325630218
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 11.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
