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In Vitro Bioassays for Assessing Estrogenic Substances
Abstract
This past summer, United States President Bill Clinton signed into law amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act and Food Quality Protection Act that include clauses requiring the EPA to develop testing procedures for substances that “mimic” the effect of naturally-occurring estrogens. The act requires the testing of substances found in drinking water and all pesticide materials including both active and inert ingredients as well as substances that may have a cumulative or synergistic effect when combined with pesticides. Estimates indicate that this could require the testing of as many as 70 000 chemicals currently used in the United States. EPA, industry, and public interest groups are investigating strategies to develop screening tests by August 1998 in order to implement a program by August 1999 as mandated in the legislation. This review focuses on in vitro assays such as competitive ligand binding, cell proliferation, and estrogen receptor transcription assays, which are currently being used to identify and assess chemicals alleged to possess estrogenic activity. The advantages and limitations of each assay are discussed. The review concludes that complementary in vivo and in vitro assays are required to accurately assess the potential estrogenic activity of any chemical or complex mixture.
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The Stimulation of Uterine Complement Component C3 Gene Expression by Antiestrogens
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Estrogen action in the uterus: The requisite for sustained estrogen binding in the nucleus
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Alkaline phosphatase as a reporter enzyme
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ESTROGEN STRUCTURE-RECEPTOR FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS
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Cited by
Snyder, S. A., Westerhoff, P., Yoon, Y., & Sedlak, D. L. (2003) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/109287503768335931 · Cited by 930
Kuch, H. M., & Ballschmiter, K. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es010034m · Cited by 734
Mills, L. J., & Chichester, C. (2005) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.070 · Cited by 532
Giesy, J. P., & Kannan, K. (1998) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408449891344263 · Cited by 494
Petersen, D. N., Tkalcevic, G. T., Koza-Taylor, P. H., Turi, T. G., & Brown, T. A. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.3.5840 · Cited by 310
Metadata
- Authors
- Zacharewski
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1997-02-27
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 613-623
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2045972457
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 130
- FWCI
- 21.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.