Cited by 213Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMolecular Sensors and Ion DetectionCholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Small Molecule Modulators of Copper-Induced Aβ Aggregation

Open access
Hindo, Sarmad S., Mancino, Allana M., Braymer, Joseph J., Liu, Yihong, Vivekanandan, Subramanian, Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy, Lim, Mi Hee·2009·Journal of the American Chemical Society

Abstract

Our design of bifunctional metal chelators as chemical probes and potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the incorporation of a metal binding moiety into structural frameworks of Abeta aggregate-imaging agents. Using this strategy, two compounds 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-ol (1) and N(1),N(1)-dimethyl-N(4)-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzene-1,4-diamine (2) were prepared and characterized. The bifunctionality for metal chelation and Abeta interaction of 1 and 2 was verified by spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the reactivity of 1 and 2 with Cu(II)-associated Abeta aggregates was investigated. The modulation of Cu(II)-triggered Abeta aggregation by 1 and 2 was found to be more effective than that by the known metal chelating agents CQ, EDTA, and phen. These studies suggest a new class of multifunctional molecules for the development of chemical tools to unravel metal-associated events in AD and potential therapeutic agents for metal-ion chelation therapy.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/ja907045h

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Two approaches have been pursued in BFC design: direct incorporation of metal-binding atom donors into the structural framework of an Aβ-interacting compound, and linking the metal-chelating and Aβ-binding molecular fragments.

    “In this context, two approaches have been pursued in BFC design. 31,49–58 One strategy is based on the direct incorporation of metal-binding atom donors into the structural framework of an Aβ-interacting compoud (Scheme 1, approach A), and the other involves linking the metal-chelating and Aβ-binding molecular fragments (Scheme 1, approach B).”

    From Bifunctional Compounds for Controlling Metal-Mediated Aggregation of the Aβ<sub>42</sub>Peptide (2012) · cites this paper as [51]

    In the main text (page unavailable), the paper describes incorporating nitrogen or oxygen donor atoms directly into an Aβ-recognizing imaging agent, supporting the first design approach. It does not describe the second approach of linking separate metal-chelating and Aβ-binding fragments. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • CQ shows <30% cell survival at concentrations >2 μM, while EDTA shows 90-95% cell survival up to 20 μM concentration.

    “By comparison, the clinically tested compound CQ shows <30% cell survival at concentrations >2 μM, while EDTA shows 90–95% cell survival up to 20 μM concentration (Figure S26).51,52”

    From Bifunctional Compounds for Controlling Metal-Mediated Aggregation of the Aβ<sub>42</sub>Peptide (2012) · cites this paper as [51]

    In the paper’s cell-study discussion (page unavailable), CQ is described as more toxic than compounds 1 and 2, supporting only the qualitative CQ comparison. Our copy gives neither <30% survival above 2 μM for CQ nor 90–95% survival up to 20 μM for EDTA; its approximately 90% survival figure refers to compound 2. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Except for one recent report, compounds that inhibit metal-mediated Aβ40 aggregation or promote disaggregation of amyloid fibrils were shown to lead to increased cell viability.

    “Except for one recent report,99 compounds that inhibit metal-mediated Aβ40 aggregation or promote disaggregation of amyloid fibrils were shown to lead to increased cell viability.49,51,52”

    From Bifunctional Compounds for Controlling Metal-Mediated Aggregation of the Aβ<sub>42</sub>Peptide (2012) · cites this paper as [51]

    In the main text (page not available), the paper reports that compounds 1 and 2 inhibit Cu-induced Aβ aggregation and promote fibril disaggregation; it also reports that compound 2 diminishes Cu-Aβ toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells, yielding about 90% cell survival. The copy does not identify the peptide in these experiments as Aβ40 or show increased cell viability for both compounds, so the broader claim is only partly supported. The ‘one recent report’ exception is attached to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The majority of these BFCs have been studied for their effect on aggregation of the Aβ40 peptide, and fewer studies have focused on their interaction with the more neurotoxic Aβ42 peptide.

    “However, the majority of these BFCs have been studied for their effect on aggregation of the Aβ40 peptide,25,31 and fewer studies have focused on their interaction with the more neurotoxic Aβ42 peptide.20,21”

    From Small Bifunctional Chelators That Do Not Disaggregate Amyloid β Fibrils Exhibit Reduced Cellular Toxicity (2014) · cites this paper as [31]

    The main text (page unavailable) reports that bifunctional chelators 1 and 2 modulate copper-induced Aβ aggregation, supporting this paper as an example of such a study. It identifies the peptide only as Aβ; our copy does not establish that it was Aβ40 or support the claim that a majority of BFC studies used Aβ40 rather than Aβ42 (searched both peptide names). (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Compounds that inhibit metal-mediated Aβ40 aggregation or promote disaggregation of amyloid fibrils lead to increased cell viability.

    “Compounds that inhibit metal-mediated Aβ40 aggregation or promote disaggregation of amyloid fibrils were shown to lead to increased cell viability.25,31,32”

    From Small Bifunctional Chelators That Do Not Disaggregate Amyloid β Fibrils Exhibit Reduced Cellular Toxicity (2014) · cites this paper as [31]

    In the main text (page unavailable), compounds 1 and 2 inhibit Cu-induced Aβ aggregation and disassemble Cu-Aβ fibrils; a separate cell experiment reports that compound 2 reduces Cu-Aβ toxicity, yielding about 90% cell survival. The paper does not establish that aggregation inhibition or fibril disaggregation caused the improved survival, or that the result applies to such compounds generally. Our copy identifies the peptide in these passages as Aβ, not specifically Aβ40. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [4]Molina-Halogado F Hider RC Gaeta A Williams R Francis P Biometals 2007 20 639 654 17294125
  2. [6]Hureu C Faller P Biochimie 2009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bichi.2009.03.013 19332103 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hindo, S. S., Mancino, A. M., Braymer, J. J., Liu, Y., Vivekanandan, S., Ramamoorthy, A., & Lim, M. H.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Department of Chemistry and the Life Sciences Institute, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
Corresponding author
Lim, Mi Hee
Venue
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Published
2009-10-30
Volume
131
Issue
46
Pages
16663-16665
ISSN
  • 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5126
OpenAlex
W1976544813
Cited by
203
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
FWCI
11.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK078885, DK078885)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta aggregation, copper(II) ions, metal chelators, chemical probes, chelation therapy, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, benzene-1,4-diamine, copper chelation
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Chelating Agents, Copper, Humans, Imidazoles, Phenylenediamines, Pyridines, Drug Design, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cell Line, Tumor

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review