Harnessing the Power of Proteolysis for Targeted Protein Inactivation
Open accessAbstract
Two decades into the twenty-first century, a confluence of breakthrough technologies wielded at the molecular level is presenting biologists with unique opportunities to unravel the complexities of the cellular world. CRISPR/Cas9 allows gene knock-outs, knock-ins, and single-base editing at chromosomal loci. RNA-based tools such as siRNA, antisense oligos, and morpholinos can be used to silence expression of specific genes. Meanwhile, protein knockdown tools that draw inspiration from natural regulatory mechanisms and facilitate elimination of native or degron-tagged proteins from cells are rapidly emerging. The acute and reversible reduction in protein levels enabled by these methods allows for precise determination of loss-of-function phenotypes free from secondary effects or compensatory adaptation that can confound nucleic-acid-based methods that involve slow depletion or permanent loss of a protein. In this Review, we summarize the ingenious ways biologists have exploited natural mechanisms for protein degradation to direct the elimination of specific proteins at will. This has led to advancements not only in basic research but also in the therapeutic space with the introduction of PROTACs into clinical trials for cancer patients.
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At least two dozen viruses are known to hijack the human ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to promote their own survival and replication.
“At least two dozen viruses are known to hijack the human ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) to promote their own survival and replication10.”
From PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Multiple chemical-genetic systems have been devised to enable tunable regulation of protein stability using small molecules, including FKBP12-based destabilization domains, auxin-inducible degrons and SMASh.
“Multiple chemical–genetic systems have been devised to enable tunable regulation of protein stability using small molecules194, including FKBP12-based destabilization domains195, auxin-inducible degrons196 and small-molecule-assisted shutoff (SMASh)197.”
From Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation — lessons learned with lenalidomide (2021) · cites this paper as [197]
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Photoactive Bifunctional Degraders: Precision Tools To Regulate Protein Stability
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Lorenzo‐Martín, L. F., Rodríguez‐Fdez, S., Fabbiano, S., Abad, A., García-Macías, M. C., Dosil, M., Cuadrado, M., Robles‐Valero, J., & Bustelo, X. R. (2020) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-020-1353-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Impact of proteostasis workload on sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma
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Nalawansha, D. A., Mazis, G., Husemoen, G., Ashton, K. S., Deng, W., Wurz, R. P., Tran, A. T., Lanman, B. A., Xie, J., Guenette, R. G., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63128-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Shi, S. Y., Luo, X., Yamawaki, T., Li, C.-M., Ason, B. L., & Furtado, M. B. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01517-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Verma, R., Mohl, D., & Deshaies, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Amgen (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Verma, Rati
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 446-460
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3004172643
- Semantic Scholar
- 4277849e23ea106191bd4362cae3004089db6ecb
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 34
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- proteolysis, targeted protein degradation, protein degradation, PROTACs, protein knockdown, loss-of-function phenotypes, cancer therapy, CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, Animals, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Protein Engineering, Protein Transport, Proteolysis, Morpholinos, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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