Cited by 1,175Polymer composites and self-healingAdvanced Polymer Synthesis and CharacterizationAdvanced Materials and Mechanics

Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs): A Unique Paradigm in Cross-Linked Polymers

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Kloxin, Christopher J., Scott, Timothy F., Adzima, Brian J., Bowman, Christopher N.·2010·Macromolecules

Abstract

Polymer networks possessing reversible covalent crosslinks constitute a novel material class with the capacity for adapting to an externally applied stimulus. These covalent adaptable networks (CANs) represent a trend in polymer network fabrication towards the rational design of structural materials possessing dynamic characteristics for specialty applications. Herein, we discuss the unique attributes of CANs that must be considered when designing, fabricating, and characterizing these smart materials that respond to either thermal or photochemical stimuli. While there are many reversible reactions which to consider as possible crosslink candidates in CANs, there are very few that are readily and repeatedly reversible. Furthermore, characterization of the mechanical properties of CANs requires special consideration owing to their unique attributes. Ultimately, these attributes are what lead to the advantageous properties displayed by CANs, such as recyclability, healability, tunability, shape changes, and low polymerization stress. Throughout this perspective, we identify several trends and future directions in the emerging field of CANs that demonstrate the progress to date as well as the essential elements that are needed for further advancement.

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  • Existing strategies to create reprocessable thermosets have focused on dynamic covalent bond exchange, thermomechanical degradation, or wholesale replacement of network components with degradable versions.

    “Existing strategies to create reprocessable thermosets have focused on dynamic covalent bond exchange, 3-8 thermomechanical degradation, 9 or wholesale replacement of network components with degradable versions. 10-13”

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [6]Small JH Loy DA McElhanon JR Saunders RS Method of making thermally removable polymeric encapsalants 7 August 2001 US Patent 6,271,335
  2. [15]Hoyle CE Lowe AB Chem. Soc. Rev 2009 In Press
  3. [109]Meistric ML Lamola AA J. Mol. Biol 1972 66 1 83 95 4557199

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Authors
Kloxin, C. J., Scott, T. F., Adzima, B. J., & Bowman, C. N.
Affiliations
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Corresponding author
Bowman, Christopher N.
Venue
Macromolecules
Published
2010-02-23
Volume
43
Issue
6
Pages
2643-2653
ISSN
  • 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5835
OpenAlex
W2094682482
Cited by
1,175
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 136 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 26
FWCI
20.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R29DE010959, R01DE010959)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
Keywords
covalent adaptable networks, dynamic covalent bonds, stimuli-responsive polymers, smart materials, thermal stimuli, recyclability, self-healing polymers, shape transformation, tunable materials, polymerization shrinkage stress

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