The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evading Immune Cell Uptake and Clearance Requires PEG Grafting at Densities Substantially Exceeding the Minimum for Brush Conformation
Abstract
Coating nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which reduces particle uptake and clearance by immune cells, is routinely used to extend the circulation times of nanoparticle therapeutics. Nevertheless, due to technical hurdles in quantifying the extent of PEG grafting, as well as in generating very dense PEG coatings, few studies have rigorously explored the precise PEG grafting density necessary to achieve desirable "stealth" properties. Here, using polymeric nanoparticles with precisely tunable PEG grafting, we found that, for a wide range of PEG lengths (0.6-20 kDa), PEG coatings at densities substantially exceeding those required for PEG to adopt a "brush" conformation are exceptionally resistant to uptake by cultured human macrophages, as well as primary peripheral blood leukocytes. Less than 20% of these nanoparticles were cleared from the blood after 2 h (t1/2 ∼ 14 h) in BALB/c mice, whereas slightly less densely PEGylated and uncoated control particles were both virtually eliminated within 2 h. Our results suggest that the stealth properties of PEG-coated nanoparticles are critically dependent on achieving PEG grafting at densities exceeding those required for brush conformation.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, Q., Jones, S. W., Parker, C. L., Zamboni, W. C., Bear, J. E., & Lai, S. K.
- Venue
- Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-03-25
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1250-1258
- ISSN
- 1543-8384 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-8392
- OpenAlex
- W1965623612
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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