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Brief Report: Interrater Reliability of Clinical Diagnosis and DSM-IV Criteria for Autistic Disorder: Results of the DSM-IV Autism Field Trial
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There was strong inter-clinician agreement (kappa=.95) on whether individuals met clinical diagnosis for a PDD.
“There was also strong inter-clinician agreement (kappa=.95) on whether or not individuals met clinical diagnosis for a PDD.31”
From Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [31]
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Feil-Seifer, D., & Matarić, M. J. (2005) · International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics · doi:10.1109/icorr.2005.1501143 · Cited by 1,048
Robots for Use in Autism Research
Scassellati, B. M., Admoni, H., & Matarić, M. J. (2012) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150036 · Cited by 954
“Because ASD diagnoses are subjective, disagreement can occur among multiple clinicians evaluating an individual or even during a single clinician/patient pairing over time (56).”
BackgroundThe clinical use of robots for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A critical review
Diehl, J. J., Schmitt, L., Villano, M. A., & Crowell, C. R. (2011) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.006 · Cited by 632
Shriberg, L. D., Paul, R., McSweeny, J. L., Klin, A. J., Cohen, D. J., & Volkmar, F. R. (2001) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2001/087 · Cited by 611
Self-citationLanda, R. J., Holman, K. C., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.853 · Cited by 590
Klin, A., Saulnier, C. A., Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., Volkmar, F. R., & Lord, C. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0229-4 · Cited by 585
“Inter-rater reliability among experienced clinicians for diagnostic assignments of an ASD vs. a non-ASD condition has been demonstrated to be high ( Klin, Lang, Cicchetti, & Volkmar, 2000 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKlin, A. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00671 · Cited by 549
Self-citationReichow, B., Volkmar, F. R., & Cicchetti, D. V. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0517-7 · Cited by 484
Self-citationSensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder
McPartland, J. C., Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.007 · Cited by 476
Self-citationSocial Robots as Embedded Reinforcers of Social Behavior in Children with Autism
Kim, E. S., Berkovits, L. D., Bernier, E. P., Leyzberg, D., Shic, F., Paul, R., & Scassellati, B. M. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1645-2 · Cited by 463
“…independently in social, occupational and other important areas of life (American Psychiatric Association 2000). throughout their lives, and early intervention is considered critical (American Psychiatric Association 2000; Klin et al. 2000; Mullen 1995; Sparrow et al. 2005; Volkmar et al. 2004).”
BackgroundPractitioner Review: Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in 2‐ and 3‐year‐old children
Charman, T., & Baird, G. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00022 · Cited by 472
Perception and Production of Prosody by Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Paul, R., Augustyn, A., Klin, A. J., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1999-1 · Cited by 445
Self-citationAutism in Infancy and Early Childhood
Volkmar, F., Chawarska, K., & Klin, A. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070159 · Cited by 400
Self-citationGadow, K. D., Devincent, C. J., Pomeroy, J., & Azizian, A. (2005) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361305056079 · Cited by 388
Autism spectrum disorder in the second year: stability and change in syndrome expression
Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., & Volkmar, F. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01685.x · Cited by 384
“Considering documented limitations of the current diagnostic instruments and the absence of biological markers of autism, clinician-assigned diagnosis remains the gold standard, particularly in young children (Charman & Baird, 2002; Eaves & Ho, 2004; Klin, Lang, Cicchetti, & Volkmar, 2000, Klin et al., 2003; Lord & Ri…”
BackgroundSelf-citationGuthrie, W., Swineford, L. B., Nottke, C., & Wetherby, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12008 · Cited by 366
Using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale to Diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorders
Chlebowski, C., Green, J. A., Barton, M. L., & FEIN, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0926-x · Cited by 344
“…consisted of children who met DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of autistic disorder, as per clinical best estimate, based on the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), autism diagnostic interview, revised (ADI-R), parent interview, and direct observation of the child (Klin et al. 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDevelopmental Trajectories in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders: The First 3 Years
Landa, R. J., Gross, A. L., Stuart, E. A., & Faherty, A. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01870.x · Cited by 316
Conversational Behaviors in Youth with High-functioning ASD and Asperger Syndrome
Paul, R., Orlovski, S. M., Marcinko, H. C., & Volkmar, F. R. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0607-1 · Cited by 301
“This finding lends support to Klin’s hypothesis (Klin et al. 2000) that in real-world activities, performance is affected not only by general verbal cognition, but also by the ability to “[seek and detect] salient aspects of a social situation to [react] quickly to fast-changing emotional…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationResponse to Joint Attention in Toddlers at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Study
Sullivan, M., Finelli, J., Marvin, A., Garrett-Mayer, E., Bauman, M., & Landa, R. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0335-3 · Cited by 280
How Social Robots Will Help Us to Diagnose, Treat, and Understand Autism
Scassellati, B. M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_47 · Cited by 274
“The broad disagreement of clinicians on individual diagnoses creates difficulties both for selecting appropriate treatment for individuals and for reporting the results of population-based studies [5,6].”
BackgroundADHD symptom subtypes in children with pervasive developmental disorder
Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., & Pomeroy, J. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0060-3 · Cited by 233
Autism and autism spectrum disorders: diagnostic issues for the coming decade
Volkmar, F. R., State, M. W., & Klin, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02010.x · Cited by 242
Self-citationThe Grand Challenges in Socially Assistive Robotics
Tapus, A., Matarić, M. J., & Scassellati, B. M. (2007) · HAL · Cited by 213
Agreement Among Four Diagnostic Instruments for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Toddlers
Ventola, P. E., Kleinman, J. M., Pandey, J., Barton, M. L., Allen, S. T., Green, J., Robins, D. L., & FEIN, D. A. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0128-8 · Cited by 203
“Clinical judgment by experienced clinicians is considered to be the ‘‘gold standard’’ for ASD diagnosis ( Klin et al., 2000; Spitzer & Siegel, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMatarić, M. J., & Scassellati, B. M. (2016) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32552-1_73 · Cited by 204
Paul, R., Shriberg, L. D., McSweeny, J. L., Cicchetti, D. V., Klin, A. J., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0031-8 · Cited by 184
Self-citationVery early signs of autism reported by parents include many concerns not specific to autism criteria
Guinchat, V., Chamak, B., Bonniau, B., Bodeau, N., Perisse, D., Cohen, D., & Danion, A. (2012) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.005 · Cited by 162
Pandey, J., Verbalis, A. D., Robins, D. L., Boorstein, H., Klin, A., Babitz, T., Chawarska, K., Volkmar, F. R., Green, J., Barton, M. L., et al. (2008) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361308094503 · Cited by 164
Self-citationVentola, P. E., Kleinman, J. M., Pandey, J., Wilson, L. B., Esser, E. L., Boorstein, H., Dumont-Mathieu, T. M., Marshia, G., Barton, M. L., Hodgson, S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0177-z · Cited by 150
“For a diagnosis of an ASD, the child’s scores on the various diagnostic measures were considered, but the final diagnosis was determined by the clinical judgment of the expert clinicians, which has been found to be the ‘‘gold standard’’ ( Klin et al., 2000; Spitzer & Siegel, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationA survey of Autism knowledge and attitudes among the healthcare professionals in Lahore, Pakistan
Imran, N., Chaudry, M. R., Azeem, M. W., Bhatti, M. R., Choudhary, Z. I., & Cheema, M. A. (2011) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-11-107 · Cited by 149
Saulnier, C. A., & Klin, A. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0288-6 · Cited by 147
“Inter-rater reliability among experienced clinicians for diagnostic assignments of an ASD versus a non-ASD condition has been demonstrated to be high, although diagnostic reliability within the spectrum (i.e., autism, AS, PDD-NOS) is much lower ( Klin, Lang, Cicchetti, & Volkmar, 2000 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMatson, J. L., Dempsey, T., & Fodstad, J. C. (2009) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.04.001 · Cited by 144
Bölte, S., & Poustka, F. (2004) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917.32.1.45 · Cited by 142
Utility of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale in Research and Clinical Populations
South, M., Williams, B. J., McMahon, W. M., Owley, T. B., Filipek, P. A., Shernoff, E. S., Corsello, C., Lainhart, J. E., Landa, R. J., & Ozonoff, S. J. (2002) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1021211232023 · Cited by 142
Toward a Developmental Operational Definition of Autism
Gillham, J. E., Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., & Sparrow, S. S. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005571115268 · Cited by 144
Self-citationLanguage outcomes of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: a two year follow‐up
Paul, R., Chawarska, K., Cicchetti, D. V., & Volkmar, F. (2008) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.12 · Cited by 140
Self-citationParental Identification of Early Behavioural Abnormalities in Children with Autistic Disorder
Young, R. L., Brewer, N., & Pattison, C. (2003) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361303007002002 · Cited by 175
Issues in the Classification of Autism and Related Conditions
Volkmar, F. R., & Klin, A. (2005) · Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1002/9780470939345.ch1 · Cited by 251
Self-citationThe effects of intellectual functioning on the range of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders
Matson, J. L., Dempsey, T., LoVullo, S. V., & Wilkins, J. W. (2007) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2007.06.006 · Cited by 128
Klin, A. J., Saulnier, C. A., Tsatsanis, K., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939352.ch3 · Cited by 132
Self-citationInteractive Technologies for Autism
Kientz, J. A., Goodwin, M. S., Hayes, G. R., & Abowd, G. D. (2013) · Synthesis lectures on assistive, rehabilitative, and health-preserving technologies · doi:10.2200/s00533ed1v01y201309arh004 · Cited by 121
Quantitative metrics of social response for autism diagnosis
Scassellati, B. M. (2006) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/roman.2005.1513843 · Cited by 116
Predictors of Psychiatric Symptoms in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., & Schneider, J. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0556-8 · Cited by 120
“Agreement (kappa) for ASD diagnoses was excellent (k = .90), which is consistent with the findings for the DSM-IV Autism Field Trial ( Klin et al. 2000 ).”
ResultPaul, R., Miles, S., Cicchetti, D. V., Sparrow, S. S., Klin, A. J., Volkmar, F. R., Coflin, M., & Booker, S. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000022612.18116.46 · Cited by 115
Self-citationMDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults
Danforth, A. L., Struble, C. M., Yazar‐Klosinski, B., & Grob, C. S. (2015) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011 · Cited by 120
Diehl, J. J., & Paul, R. (2011) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.012 · Cited by 111
Trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses: 1994–2007
Rosenberg, R. E., Daniels, A. M., Law, J. K., Law, P. A., & Kaufmann, W. E. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0723-6 · Cited by 103
“In addition to these important nosological issues, there remains anecdotal heterogeneity in application, which is believed to impact current prevalence and incidence rates but which has not been reported on a wide scale, beyond validation of classification schemes by different raters ( Klin et al. 2000; Mahoney et al.…”
BackgroundDiehl, J. J., & Paul, R. (2011) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716411000646 · Cited by 103
“Interrater reliability between these clinicians for diagnostic assignment was high, with kappa values ranging from 0.80 to 0.95 in related research projects (Klin, Lang, Cicchetti, & Volkmar, 2000).”
InfluentialThe Classification of Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Szatmári, P. (2000) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370004500806 · Cited by 107
Oppositional Defiant Disorder as a Clinical Phenotype in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0516-8 · Cited by 102
“The two sets of ASD diagnoses were compared, and agreement (j) was excellent (j = .90), which is consistent with the findings for the DSM-IV Autism Field Trial ( Klin et al. 2000 ).”
ResultYasui, D. H., Scoles, H. A., Horike, S., Meguro‐Horike, M., Dunaway, K. W., Schroeder, D. I., & LaSalle, J. M. (2011) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr357 · Cited by 104
“Intriguingly, CHRNA7 levels in the frontal cortex were found to decline rapidly around 1–2 years of age, corresponding with the age of onset of autistic symptoms (56) and age of diagnosis of Rett symptoms (57).”
BackgroundDiagnostic Conceptualization of Autism Among Indian Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Pediatricians
Daley, T. C., & Sigman, M. (2002) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1017947922349 · Cited by 102
“Gilliam and Coleman (1982) considered professionals to be experts in autism if they had either published books or articles on autism or had more than 2 years of experience working in a nationally recognized program for people with autism, and Klin et al. (2000) designated professionals involved in the assessment of ov…”
BackgroundMichelini, G., Carlisi, C. O., Eaton, N. R., Elison, J. T., Haltigan, J. D., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Latzman, R. D., Li, J. J., Levin-Aspenson, H. F., et al. (2024) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21225 · Cited by 106
“These issues pose significant challenges to differential diagnosis among the neurodevelopmental conditions 345 .”
Brief Report: Adaptive Behavior and Cognitive Skills for Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum
Ray-Subramanian, C. E., Huai, N., & Weismer, S. E. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1083-y · Cited by 101
“…by autism researchers (e.g., Chawarska et al. 2007; Lord et al. 2006) to categorize participants by diagnosis and have been shown to be reliable (Klin et al. 2000) and generally stable over time, even for children under 3 years of age at their initial diagnosis (Moore and Goodson 2003; Stone et…”
Hayes, J., Ford, T., Rafeeque, H., & Russell, G. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1800-1 · Cited by 83
Quantifying Repetitive Speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Language Impairment
van Santen, J. P. H., Sproat, R., & Hill, A. P. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1301 · Cited by 87
van Daalen, E., Kemner, C., Dietz, C., Willemsen‐Swinkels, S. H. N., Buitelaar, J. K., & van Engeland, H. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0025-8 · Cited by 87
“95) for clinically referred, older children, in deciding whether a child had an autistic disorder or a non-ASD diagnosis [22, 45].”
BackgroundZander, E., Willfors, C., Berggren, S., Olsson, N. C., Coco, C., Elmund, A., Moretti, Å. H., Holm, A., Jifält, I., Kosieradzki, R., et al. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0793-2 · Cited by 88
Validation of DSM-IV Model of Psychiatric Syndromes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Lecavalier, L., Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., & Edwards, M. C. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0622-2 · Cited by 81
“The two sets of ASD diagnoses were compared, and agreement was excellent (k = .90), which is consistent with the findings for the DSM-IV Autism Field Trial (Klin et al. 2000).”
ResultRondeau, É., Klein, L. S., Masse, A., Bodeau, N., Cohen, D., & Guilé, J.-M. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1155-z · Cited by 76
Rhythmic bimanual coordination is impaired in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Isenhower, R. W., Marsh, K. L., Richardson, M. J., Helt, M. S., Schmidt, R. C., & FEIN, D. A. (2011) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.08.005 · Cited by 75
Production of syllable stress in speakers with autism spectrum disorders
Paul, R., Bianchi, N., Augustyn, A., Klin, A. J., & Volkmar, F. R. (2007) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2007.04.001 · Cited by 75
Self-citationde Marchena, A. B., & Miller, J. S. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1706 · Cited by 78
“In Klin et al. (2000), clinicallyassigned diagnoses were made by clinical impression, and not by completing a DSM checklist.”
MethodMoulton, E., Bradbury, K. R., Barton, M. L., & FEIN, D. A. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2936-9 · Cited by 70
“The Center for Disease Control (CDC 2016) reports an overall prevalence rate for ASDs of one in 68, with boys affected at greater rates than girls (4.5:1).”
InfluentialInsights from an autism imaging biomarker challenge: Promises and threats to biomarker discovery
Traut, N., Heuer, K., Lemaître, G., Beggiato, A., Germanaud, D., Elmaleh, M., Bethegnies, A., Bonnasse‐Gahot, L., Cai, W., Chambon, S., et al. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119171 · Cited by 69
Noel, J., Niear, M. A. D., Lazzara, N. S., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2017.2778141 · Cited by 77
An Abbreviated Screening Instrument for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Smith, N. J., Sheldrick, R. C., & Perrin, E. C. (2012) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21356 · Cited by 69
A New Interactive Screening Test for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Toddlers
Choueiri, R., & Wagner, S. H. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.05.029 · Cited by 66
Disorder‐specific genetic factors in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Taylor, S. J. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32407 · Cited by 61
“…this meta-analysis, the inter-rater reliability for OCD was generally no better than that of other disorders examined in the present study [Skre et al., 1991; Williams et al., 1992; Segal et al., 1995; Klin et al., 2000; Brown et al., 2001; Zanarini and Frankenburg, 2001; Lobbestael et al., 2011].”
ResultMcConachie, H., Couteur, A. S. L., & Honey, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1995-5 · Cited by 69
Reade, M. C., Eastwood, G. M., Peck, L., Bellomo, R., & Baldwin, I. T. (2011) · Critical Care and Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/s1441-2772(23)01597-1 · Cited by 59
Early Characteristics of Children with ASD Who Demonstrate Optimal Progress Between Age Two and Four
Moulton, E., Barton, M. L., Robins, D. L., Abrams, D. N., & FEIN, D. A. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2745-1 · Cited by 60
Exergames for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview
Lima, J. L., Axt, G., Teixeira, D., Monteiro, D., Cid, L., Yamamoto, T., Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., & Machado, S. E. D. C. (2020) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017902016010001 · Cited by 66
Screening for autism spectrum disorders
Williams, J. G., & Brayne, C. (2006) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361306057876 · Cited by 55
Visser, J. C., Rommelse, N., Vink, L., Schrieken, M., Oosterling, I. J., van der Gaag, R. J., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1678-6 · Cited by 50
Uh and um in children with autism spectrum disorders or language impairment
Gorman, K., Olson, L., Hill, A. P., Lunsford, R., Heeman, P. A., & van Santen, J. P. H. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1578 · Cited by 48
“BEC judgment by experienced clinicians is thought to be the gold standard for ASD diagnosis [e.g., Klin et al., 2000; Spitzer and Siegel, 1990].”
BackgroundCicchetti, D. V., Koenig, K., Klin, A. J., Volkmar, F. R., Paul, R., & Sparrow, S. S. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1035-6 · Cited by 49
Self-citationMelo, F. S., Sardinha, A., Belo, D., Couto, M., Faria, M., Farias, A., Gamboa, H. F. S., Jesus, C., Kinarullathil, M., Lima, P. U., et al. (2018) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2018.12.003 · Cited by 52
“As mentioned in Section 1, ASD is characterized by difficulties in making sense of the social world; on the other hand, ASD children often show ease in understanding the physical world and object-related interactions [6, 44, 45].”
BackgroundLinguistic characteristics of individuals with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome
Seung, H. K. (2007) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699200701195081 · Cited by 47
Cumin, J., Peláez, S., & Mottron, L. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211042719 · Cited by 60
Diagnostic Substitution and Changing Autism Prevalence
Shattuck, P. T. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2911 · Cited by 43
Pragmatic Assessment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Reichow, B., Salamack, S., Paul, R., Volkmar, F. R., & Klin, A. J. (2008) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1525740108318697 · Cited by 45
“These individuals often demonstrate significant and severe deficits in their ability to communicate and interact with others, which can limit their participation in mainstream academic settings and community activities (Klin et al., 2000).”
Self-citationDiagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Low Mental Age
Miller, L. E., Burke, J. D., Robins, D. L., & FEIN, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3810-8 · Cited by 42
Postert, C., Averbeck‐Holocher, M., Beyer, T., Müller, J., & Fürniss, T. (2008) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-008-0113-x · Cited by 42
“Autistic spectrum disorders are an exception as reliable diagnostic criteria are available which can be used in assessing children younger than three years of age [ 48 , 49].”
BackgroundGreaves‐Lord, K., Eussen, M. L. J. M., Verhulst, F. C., Minderaa, R. B., Mandy, W., Hudziak, J. J., Steenhuis, M., de Nijs, P. F. A., & Hartman, C. A. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1724-4 · Cited by 40
Gadow, K. D., & DeVincent, C. J. (2005) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738050200060301 · Cited by 41
Bölte, S., & Poustka, F. (2001) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024//1422-4917.29.3.221 · Cited by 39
Çalışan, R., Özbaran, B., Inal-Kaleli, I., Köse, S., Bildik, T., & Ghaziuddin, M. (2023) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-023-10063-6 · Cited by 43
“Consequently, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder relies on clinical judgment, which is in line with the extants literature as the assessment conducted by skilled clinicians is regarded as the gold standard [16, 17]).”
Quantitative analysis of disfluency in children with autism spectrum disorder or language impairment
MacFarlane, H., Gorman, K., Ingham, R., Presmanes Hill, A., Papadakis, K., Kiss, G., & van Santen, J. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173936 · Cited by 32
Four tasks of a robot-assisted autism spectrum disorder diagnostic protocol: First clinical tests
Petric, F., Hrvatinić, K., Babić, A., Malovan, L., Miklić, D., Kovačić, Z., Cepanec, M., Stošić, J., & Šimleša, S. (2014) · IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) · doi:10.1109/ghtc.2014.6970331 · Cited by 33
“Studies have shown [7] that the agreement between clinicians on different DSM-IV criteria for autism varies from 0.”
BackgroundThe Interrater Reliability of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in Clinical Settings
Zander, E., Willfors, C., Berggren, S., Coco, C., Holm, A., Jifält, I., Kosieradzki, R., Linder, J., Nordin, V., Olafsdottir, K., et al. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000474949 · Cited by 33
Miniscalco, C., Rudling, M., Råstam, M., Gillberg, C., & Johnels, J. Å. (2014) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12085 · Cited by 33
Shifrer, D., & Fish, R. E. (2019) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869319847243 · Cited by 33
“Studies have also focused on the qualities of practitioners (Klin et al. 2000) or contextual qualities (Cooper et al. 1972) that produce unreliable diagnoses.”
BackgroundRice, C. E., Carpenter, L. A., Morrier, M. J., Lord, C., DiRienzo, M., Boan, A. D., Skowyra, C., Fusco, A., Baio, J., Esler, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05377-y · Cited by 32
“Research has focused on developing and evaluating tools to increase the reliability of autism spectrum diagnoses (including “autistic disorder” and other PDD historical subtypes) for both research and clinical purposes compared to “best-estimate clinical judgment” of experienced research clinicians (Bishop et al., 201…”
MethodClinical Utility of Autism Spectrum Disorder Scoring Algorithms for the Child Symptom Inventory-4
Gadow, K. D., Schwartz, J. E., DeVincent, C. J., Strong, G., & Cuva, S. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0408-y · Cited by 31
“The two sets of ASD diagnoses were compared, and agreement (kappa) was excellent (k = 0.90), which is consistent with the findings for the DSM-IV Autism Field Trial ( Klin, Lang, Cicchetti, & Volkmar, 2000 ).”
ResultInfluentialBrief Report: An Exploratory Study of the Diagnostic Reliability for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Taylor, L. J., Eapen, V., Maybery, M. T., Midford, S., Paynter, J. M., Quarmby, L., Smith, T., Williams, K. J., & Whitehouse, A. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3054-z · Cited by 30
“This resulted in some of the videos being rated only 4–5 times and may yield reliability coefficients that are less stable than they would be for larger sample sizes (Klin et al. 2000).”
The Toddler Autism Symptom Inventory: Use in diagnostic evaluations of toddlers
Coulter, K. L., Barton, M. L., Boorstein, H., Cordeaux, C., Dumont-Mathieu, T. M., Haisley, L. D., Herlihy, L. E., Jashar, D. T., Robins, D. L., Stone, W. L., et al. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211021699 · Cited by 30
“Final diagnosis was a DSM-5 clinical best estimate (CBE) assigned by the clinical team; CBE has long been regarded as the gold standard in diagnosing ASD (Klin et al., 2000; Ventola et al., 2006).”
Assessing Gestures in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ellawadi, A. B., & Weismer, S. E. (2013) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2013_jslhr-l-12-0244 · Cited by 29
Signes précoces d’autisme : d’où vient-on ? Où va-t-on ?
Saint‐Georges, C., Guinchat, V., Chamak, B., Apicella, F., Muratori, F., & Cohen, D. (2013) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2013.05.005 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Klin, A., Lang, J., Cicchetti, D. V., & Volkmar, F. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klin, Ami
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-167
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1536735458
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- inter-rater reliability, autistic disorder, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, autism diagnosis, diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Observer Variation
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